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Differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

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ProkaryotesEukaryotes
They are mainly unicellularThey are mainly multicellular except for protista
They have only a few organellesMany organelles
DNA is circularDNA is linear
DNA lies in the cytoplasm (Nucleus absent)DNA is inside the nucleus
Cell division occurs mostly through binary fissionMitosis, meiosis or both take place.
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Prokaryotic cell

 

Eukaryotic cell

1.

Size: generally small ( 1-10 µm) 1 µm== 10-6 m

1.

Size: generally large (5-100 µm)

2.

Nuclear region: poorly defined because of the absence of a nuclear membrane, and is known as nucleoid

2.

Nuclear region: well-defined and surrounded by a nuclear membrane

3.

Chromosome: single

3.

More than one chromosome

4.

Membrane-bound cell organelles are absent

4.

Membrane-bound cell organelles such as mitochondria, plastids, etc., are present

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 In prokaryotes, the genetic material is in the form of circular coil of DNA and without histone proteins.

In case of eukaryotes, the genetic material is in the form of linear double helix DNA and with the histone proteins

This is the main difference between the prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA........

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Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
They are mainly unicellular They are mainly multicellular except for protista
They have only a few organelles Many organelles
DNA is circular DNA is linear
DNA lies in the cytoplasm (Nucleus absent) DNA is inside the nucleus
Cell division occurs mostly through binary fission Mitosis, meiosis or both take place.
 
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PROKARYOTES  -

  1. SIZE IS GENERALLY SMALL . 1-10 mm
  2. NUCLEUS IS ABSENT ( NUCLEAR REGION OR NUCLEOID IS NOT SURROUNDED BY NUCLEAR MEMBRANE ).
  3. IT CONTAINS SINGLE CHROMOSOME .
  4. NUCLEOLUS IS ABSENT .
  5. MEMBRANE BOUND CELL ORGANELLES ARE ABSENT .
  6. CELL DIVISION TAKES PLACE . BY BINARY FISSION OR BUDDING . NO MITOSIS

EUKARYOTES  -

  1. SIZE OF THE CELL IS GENERALLY LARGE .5-100 mm
  2. NUCLEUS IS PRESENT .
  3. IT CONTAINS MORE THAN ONE CHROMOSME.
  4. NUCLEOLUS IS PRESENT .
  5. MEMBRANE BOUND CELL ORGANELLES SUCH AS MITOCHONDRIA ,PLASTIDS, ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM etc .. 
  6. CELL DIVISION OCCUR BY MITOTIC OR MEIOTIC CELL DIVISION .
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