discuss theprinciple of organic farming

Organic farming refers to a system of farming that sustains and enhances the ecological balance. In other words, this system of farming relies upon the use of organic inputs for cultivation. The principle of organic farming includes four main principles. These are as follows: 

1. Principle of Ecology: Unlike conventional farming, organic farming is free from synthetic chemicals. The chemicals present in the chemical fertilisers penetrate into the ground water and raises its nitrate content. This cause health hazards and also pollutes the environment. On other hand, organic farming discards the use of harmful chemicals and also helps in maintaining the soil fertility. Therefore, it is an environment friendly method of farming. In addition to this, organic farming 

2. Principle of Fairness: This principle focuses that organic farming should promote fair relationships in terms of equity, justice and respect between all the living beings of the earth. As per this principle, organic farming should provide everyone with adequate amount of good-quality food, which will further reduce poverty and provide everyone with good standard of life.  

3. Principle of Health: Organically grown crops have high nutritional value than the conventionally grown crops. 

4. Principle of Care: This principle stresses on the feature of the organic farming to protect the health of the present as well as that of the future generations. The organic farming produces toxic-free food while simultaneously maintaining the fertility of the soil and contributing to ecological balance. This type of farming enables eco-friendly and sustainable economic development.

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 The economics of organic farming, a subfield of agricultural economics, encompasses the entire process and effects of organic farming in terms of human society, including social costsopportunity costsunintended consequencesinformation asymmetries, andeconomies of scale. Although the scope of economics is broad, agricultural economics tends to focus on maximizing yields and efficiency at the farm level. Economics takes an anthropocentric approach to the value of the natural world: biodiversity, for example, is considered beneficial only to the extent that it is valued by people and increases profits. Some entities such as the European Unionsubsidize organic farming, in large part because these countries want to account for the externalities of reduced water use, reduced water contamination, reduced soil erosion, reduced carbon emissions, increased biodiversity, and assorted other benefits that result from organic farming.

Traditional organic farming is labor and knowledge-intensive whereas conventional farming is capital-intensive, requiring more energy and manufactured inputs.

Organic farmers in California have cited marketing as their greatest obstacle.

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