Threatened speciesare any species (includinganimals,plants,fungi, etc.) which are vulnerable toendangermentin the near future.
The world's 100 most threatened species
[3]SpeciesCommon nameTypeImageLocation(s)Estimated populationThreatsAbies beshanzuensisBaishan FirPlant (tree)
Baishanzu Mountain, Zhejiang, ChinaFive mature individuals
Actinote zikaniInsect (butterfly)Near São Paulo, Atlantic forest, BrazilUnknown
- habitat loss from human expansion
Aipysurus foliosquamaLeaf scaled sea-snakeReptileAshmore Reef and Hibernia Reef, Timor SeaUnknown
- unknown—probably degradation of coral reef habitat
Amanipodagrion gilliesiAmani flatwingInsect (damselfly)Amani-Sigi Forest, Usamabara Mountains, Tazania
- population pressure and water pollution
Antilophia bokermanniAraripe ManakinBird
Chapado do Araripe, South Ceará, Brazil779 individuals
- growth of agriculture
- recreational facilities
- water diversion
Antisolabis seychellensis(earwig)InsectMorne Blanc, Mahé island, SeychellesUnknown
- invasive species
- climate change
Aphanius transgrediensAci Göl toothcarpFishsouth-eastern shore of former Lake Aci, Turkeyfew hundred pairs
- competition and predation byGambusia
- road construction
Aproteles bulmeraeBulmers fruit batMammal (bat)Luplupwintern Cave, Western Province, Papua New Guineaapprox. 150
Ardea insignisWhite-bellied HeronBird
Bhutan, North East India and Myanmar70400 individuals
Ardeotis nigricepsGreat Indian BustardBird
Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashta, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Madhya, India50249 mature individuals
Astrochelys yniphoraPloughshare tortoiseAngonokaReptile (tortoise)
Baly Bay region, northwestern Madagascar440770
- illegal collection for international pet trade
Atelopus baliosRio Pescado stubfoot toadAmphibian (toad)Azuay, Cañar and Guyas provinces, south-western EcuadorUnknown
- Chytridiomycosis
- logging
- agricultural expansion
Aythya innotataMadagascar PochardBird
volcanic lakes north of Bealanana, Madagascarapprox. 20 mature individuals
- agriculture
- hunting and fishing
- introduced fish
Azurina eupalamaGalapagos damsel fishFish
UnknownUnknown
- climate Change
- oceanographic changes related to the 1982/1983 El Nino
Bahaba taipingensisGiant yellow croakerFishChinese coast from Yangtze River, China to Hong KongUnknown
- over-fishing due to value of swim-bladder in traditional medicine
Batagur baskaCommon batagurFour-toed terrapinReptile (turtle)
Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia and MalaysiaUnknown
Bazzania bhutanica(liverwort)PlantBudini and Lafeti Khola, Bhutantwo populations
- forest clearance
- overgrazing
- development
Beatragus hunteriHirola (antelope)Mammal
South-east Kenya and possibly south-west Somalia
- habitat loss
- competition with livestock
- poaching
Bombus frankliniFranklins bumblebeeInsect (bee)Oregon and CaliforniaUnknown
- disease from commercial bumblebees
- habitat destruction and degradation
Brachyteles hypoxanthusNorthern muriquiwoolly spider monkeyMammal (primate)
Atlantic forest, south-eastern Brazil
- large-scale deforestation and logging
Bradypus pygmaeusPygmy three-toed slothMammalIsla Escudo de Veraguas, Panama
- illegal logging of mangrove forests for firewood and construction
- hunting
Callitriche pulchra(water-starwort)Plant (freshwater)pool on Gavdos, GreeceUnknown
- habitat exploitation by livestock
- modification of the pool by locals
Calumma tarzanTarzans chameleonReptileAnosibe AnAla region, eastern Madagascar
Cavia intermediaSanta Catarinas guinea pigMammal (rodent)Moleques do Sul Island, Santa Catarina, Brazil4060
- habitat disturbance
- possible hunting
- result of having such a small population
Cercopithecus rolowayRoloway guenon (monkey)Mammal (primate)
Côte d'IvoireUnknown
Coleura seychellensisSeychelles sheath-tailed batMammal (bat)Two small caves on Silhouette and Mahé, Seychelles
- habitat degradation
- predation by invasive species
Cryptomyces maximusWillow blisterFungiPembrokeshire, United KingdomUnknown
Cryptotis nelsoniNelsons small-eared shrewMammal (shrew)Volcán San Martín Tuxtla, Veracruz, MexicoUnknown
- logging
- cattle grazing
- fire
- agriculture
Cyclura colleiJamaican iguanaJamaican rock iguanaReptile
Hellshire Hills, JamaicaUnknown
- habitat destruction
- predation by introduced species
Dendrophylax fawcettiiCayman Islands ghost orchidPlant (orchid)Ironwood Forest, George Town, Grand CaymanUnknown
- infrastructure development
Dicerorhinus sumatrensisSumatran rhinoMammal (rhino)
Sabah, Sarawak and Peninsular Malaysia, Kalimantan and Sumatra, Indonesia
- hunting (horn is used in traditional medicine)
Diomedea amsterdamensisAmsterdam AlbatrossBird
Breeds on Plateuau des Tourbières, Amsterdam Island, Indian Ocean.100 mature individuals
- disease
- incidental by-catch in long-line fishing
Dioscorea strydomianaWild yamPlantOshoek area, Mpumalanga, South Africa200
- collection for medicinal use
Diospyros katendeiPlant (tree)Kasyoha-Kitomi Forest Reserve, Uganda20 individuals in a single population
- agricultural activity
- illegal tree felling
- alluvial gold digging
- small population
Dipterocarpus lamellatusPlant (tree)Siangau Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia12 individuals
- logging of lowland forest
- creation of industrial plantations
Discoglossus nigriventerHula painted frogAmphibian (frog)
Hula Valley, IsraelUnknown
- predation by birds
- range restriction due to habitat destruction
Dombeya mauritaniaPlantMauritiusUnknown
- encroachment by invasive plant species
- habitat loss due to cannabis cultivation
Elaeocarpus bojeriPlant (tree)Grand Bassin, Mauritius
Eleutherodactylus glanduliferLa Hotte glanded frogAmphibian (frog)Massif de la Hotte, HaitiUnknown
- charcoal production
- slash-and-burn agriculture
Eleutherodactylus thorcetesMacaya breast-spot frogAmphibian (frog)Formon and Macaya peaks, Masif de la Hotte, HaitiUnknown
- charcoal production
- slash-and-burn agriculture
Eriosyce chilensisChilenito (cactus)PlantPta Molles and Pichidungui, Chile
- collection of flowering plants
Erythrina schliebeniiCoral treePlant (tree)Namatimbili-Ngarama Forest, Tanzania
- limited habitat and small population size increase vulnerability
Euphorbia tanaensisPlant (tree)Witu Forest Reserve, Kenya4 mature individuals
- illegal logging
- agricultural expansion
- infrastructure development
Eurynorhyncus pygmeusSpoon-billed SandpiperBird
Breeds in Russia, migrates along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway to wintering grounds in Bangladesh and Myanmar100 breeding pairs
Ficus katendeiPlantKasyoha-Kitomi Forest Reserve, Ishasha River, Uganda
- agriculture
- illegal tree felling
- alluvial gold digging
Geronticus eremitaNorthern Bald IbisBird
Breeds in Morocco, Turkey and Syria. Syrian population winters in
central Ethiopia.
200249 mature individuals
- habitat degradation and destruction
- hunting
Gigasiphon macrosiphon(flowering plant inlegumefamily)PlantKaya Muhaka, Gongoni and Mrima Forest Reserves, Kenya, Amani Nature Reserve, West Kilombero Scarp Forest Reserve, and Kihansi Gorge, Tanzania33
- timber extraction
- agriculture encroachment and development
- predation by wild pigs
Gocea ohridana(type of gastropod)MolluscLake Ohrid, MacedoniaUnknown
- increasing pollution levels
- off-take of water
- sedimentation events
Heleophryne roseiTable mountain ghost frogAmphibian (frog)Table Mountain, Western Cape Province, South AfricaUnknown
- invasive plants
- water abstraction
Hemicycla paeteliana(type of land snail)MolluscJandia peninsula, Fuerteventura, Canary IslandsUnknown
- overgrazing
- trampling by goats and tourists
Heteromirafa sidamoensisLiben LarkBirdLiben Plains, southern Ethiopia90256
- agricultural expansion
- overgrazing
- fire suppression
Hibiscadelphus woodiiPlant (small tree)Kalalau Valley, HawaiiUnknown
- habitat degradation due to feral ungulates
- competition with invasive plant species
Hucho perryiSakhalin taimenFish
Russian and Japanese rivers, Pacific Ocean between Russia and JapanUnknown
- overfishing (sport fishing and commercial bycatch)
- damming
- agriculture
- other land use
Johora singaporensisSingapore freshwater crabCrustaceanBukit Timah Nature Reserve and streamlet near Bukit Batok, SingaporeUnknown
- habitat degradation due to reduction in water quality and quantity
Lathyrus belinensisBelin vetchling (flowering plant related toLathyrus odoratus- sweet pea)PlantOutskirts of Belin village, Antalya, Turkey
- urbanisation
- over-grazing
- conifer planting
- road widening
Leiopelma archeyiArcheys frogAmphibian (frog)
Coromandel peninsula and Whareorino Forest, New ZealandUnknown
- Chytridiomycosis
- predation by invasive species
Lithobates sevosusDusky gopher frogAmphibian (frog)Harrison County, Mississippi, USA60100
- fungal disease
- climate change
- land-use changes
Lophura edwardsiEdwardss PheasantBird
Quang Binh, Quang Tri and Thua Thien-Hue, Viet NamUnknown
Magnolia wolfii(type ofMagnoliatree)PlantRisaralda, Colombia
- isolation of species
- low regeneration rates
Margaritifera marocana(type of freshwater mussel)MolluscOued Denna, Oued Abid and Oued Beth, Morocco
Moominia willii(snail)MolluscSilhouette Island, Seychelles
- invasive species
- climate change
Natalus primusCuban greater funnel eared batMammal (bat)Cueva La Barca, Isle of Pines, Cuba
- habitat loss
- human disturbance
Nepenthes attenboroughiiAttenboroughs pitcher plantPlant
Mount Victoria, Palawan, PhilippinesUnknown
Nomascus hainanusHainan gibbonMammal (primate)
Hainan Island, China
Neurergus kaiseriLuristan newtAmphibian
Zagros Mountains, Lorestan, Iran
- illegal collection for pet trade
Oreocnemis phoenixMulanje red damsel (damselfly)Insect (damselfly)Mulanje Plateau, MalawiUnknown
- habitat destruction and degradation due to drainage
- agricultural expansion
- exploitation of forest
Pangasius sanitwongseiPangasid catfishFish
Chao Phraya and Mekong basins in Cambodia, China, Lao PDR, Thailand and Viet NamUnknown
- overfishing
- collection for aquarium trade
Parides burchellanus(butterfly)Insect (butterfly)Cerrado, Brazil
- human expansion
- limited range
Phocoena sinusVaquita (porpoise)Mammal (cetacean)Northern Gulf of California, Mexico
- capture in fishermen's gillnets
Picea neoveitchiiType of spruce treePlant (tree)Qinling Range, ChinaUnknown
Pinus squamataQiaojia pinePlant (tree)Qiaojia, Yunnan, China
- limited distribution
- small population size
Poecilotheria metallicaGooty tarantula, metallic tarantula, peacock parachute spider, peacock tarantula, SalepurguSpider
Nandyal and Giddalur, Andhra Pradesh, IndiaUnknown
- deforestation
- firewood collection
- civil unrest
Pomarea whitneyiFatuhiva MonarchBirdFatu Hiva, Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia50
- predation by introduced species -Rattus rattusand feral cats
Pristis pristisCommon sawfishFish
Coastal tropical and subtropical waters of Indo-Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Currently largely restricted to northern AustraliaUnknown
- exploitation has removed the species from 95 per cent of its historical range
Prolemur simusGreater bamboo lemurMammal (primate)
Southeastern and southcentral rainforests of Madagascar100160
- agriculture
- mining
- illegal logging
Propithecus candidusSilky sifakaMammal (primate)
Maroantsetra to Andapa basin, and Marojeju Massif, Madagascar1001,000
- hunting
- habitat disturbance
Psammobates geometricusGeometric tortoiseReptile (tortoise)
Western Cape Province, South AfricaUnknown
- loss of habitat destruction
- predation
Pseudoryx nghetinhensisSaolaMammal
Annamite mountains, on the Viet Nam - PDR Laos borderUnknown
- habitat destruction
- hunting
Psiadia cataractaePlantMauritiusUnknown
- development project
- competition from invasive plant species
Psorodonotus ebneriBeydaglari bush-cricketInsectBeydaglari range, Antalaya, TurkeyUnknown
- climate change
- habitat loss
Rafetus swinhoeiRed River giant softshell turtleReptile (turtle)
Hoan Kiem Lake and Dong Mo Lake, Viet Nam, and Suzhou Zoo, China4
- hunting for consumption
- wetland destruction
- pollution
Rhinoceros sondaicusJavan rhinoMammal (rhino)
Ujung Kulon National Park, Java, Indonesia
- hunting for traditional medicine
- small population size
Rhinopithecus avunculusTonkin snub-nosed monkeyMammal (primate)Northeastern Viet Nam
Rhizanthella gardneriWest Australian underground orchidPlant (orchid)
Western Australia, Australia
- land clearance for agriculture
- climate change
- salinisation
Rhynchocyonsp.Boni giant sengiMammal (shrew)
Boni-Dodori Forest, Lamu area, KenyaUnknown
- development causing habitat loss
Risiocnemis seidenschwarziCebu frill-wing (damselfly)Insect (damselfly)Rivulet beside the Kawasan River, Cebu, PhilippinesUnknown
- habitat degradation and destruction
Rosa arabicaPlantSt Katherine Mountains, EgyptUnknown, 10 sub-populations
- domestic animal grazing
- climate change and drought
- medicinal plant collecting
- limited range
Salanoia durrelliDurrells vontsira(type of mongoose)Mammal
Marshes of Lake Alaotra, MadagascarUnknown
Santamartamys rufodorsalisRed crested tree ratMammal (rodent)Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, ColombiaUnknown
- urban development
- coffee cultivation
Scaturiginichthys vermeilipinnisRed-finned Blue-eyeFishEdgbaston Station, central western Queensland, Australia2,000-4,000
- predation by introduced species
Squatina squatinaAngel sharkFish (shark)
Canary IslandsUnknown
Sterna bernsteiniChinese Crested TernBirdBreeding in Zhejiang and Fujian, China. Outside breeding season in Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand.
- habitat destruction
- egg collection
Sygnathus watermeyeriEstuarine pipefishFishKariega Estuary to East Kleinemonde Estuary, Eastern Cape Province, South AfricaUnknown
- dam construction is altering river flows
- flood events into estuaries
Tahina spectabilisSuicide PalmDimakaPlant
Analalava district, north-western Madagascar90
- fires
- logging
- agricultural developments
Telmatobufo bullockiBullocks false toadAmphibian (frog)
Nahuelbuta, Arauco Province, ChileUnknown
- construction of hydro-electricity
Tokudaia muenninkiOkinawa spiny ratMammal (rodent)Okinawa Island, JapanUnknown
- habitat loss
- predation by feral cats
Trigonostigma somphongsiSomphongss rasboraFish
Mae Khlong basin, ThailandUnknown
- farmland conversion and urbanization
Valencia letourneuxiFishSouthern Albania and Western GreeceUnknown
- habitat destruction
- water abstraction
- aggressive interaction withGambusia
Voanioala gerardiiForest coconutPlantMasoala peninsula, Madagascar
- deforestation
- harvesting for consumption of palm heart
Zaglossus attenboroughiAttenboroughs echidnaMammalCyclops Mountains, Papua Province, IndonesiaUnknown
- habitat modification and degradation
- logging
- agricultural encroachment shifting cultivation and hunting by local people