"Exothermic chemical reactions underlie conventional energy sources such as coal or petroleum".

Explain.

Exothermic chemical reactions release heat.These exothermic reaction occur in organic compounds. They contain large amount of chemical energy.
Thus chemical energy can be directly converted to electric energy. Therefore the conventional energy sources are major sources to produce electrical energy such as coal, petroleum etc.
Exothermic chemical reactions release heat.

For example : Coal gasification is the process of converting chemical energy from coal to electrical energy . Coal is a conventional energy source and the reaction occurring in the process is highly exothermic.

 

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