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make a note of the status of biodiversity in India.

The term biodiversity encompass the variety of all life forms on earth. India has around 200000 species of total species described. The species diversity peaks in the tropical forests and coral reefs. India has rich ecosystem diversity that includes deserts, plains, hills, mangroves, rainforests, cold himalayas. Out of the 18 hot spot diversity recognised in the world, India has two of them and these are eastern Himalaya and Western Ghats. Eastern Himalayas is recognised as the cradle of speciation due to rich diversity of primitive flowering plants. The hotspots are the areas with higher concentration of endemic species and which usually experiences rapid rate of habitat modification and loss.
 
Western Ghats: faced with tremendous population pressure the forests of Western Ghats have been impacted by demands for agriculture and timber. The region is home to rich endemic assemblage of plants, reptiles, amphibians as well as elephants tigers and endangered lion tailed macaque.
North east Himalayas: is home to world richest mountains. It is a home to variety of large birds, mammals, elephants, tiger, rhinos and wild butter buffaloes.
 
Some of the endemic species of India include Andaman and Nicobar shrew, fruit bat, free- tailed bat, leaf nosed bat, palm rat, flying squirrel, nilgiri tahr. Threatened animals of India include Andaman rat, Asiatic black bear, Gaur, black buck, wild goat etc. At present, about 81 species of mammals, 38 species of birds, 18 species of amphibians and reptiles are in the list of endangered species in India.
There are about 17000 known sacred grooves in India. Sacred grooves are a small patch of land with natural fauna and flora protected by the local community in dedication of deities or other ancestral spirits.
 

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The concept of hot spots in biodiversity was developed in the year 1988 by Norman Myes. According to him "hot spots are the richest and the most threatened reservoirs of plant and animal life on earth". This concept was developed on the basis of two important consideration (i) The species which are not founds elsewhere and (ii) difference of loss of habitat.

According to this concept 25 hot spots have been identified for conservation of biodiversity. Amongst these, 15 hot spots have tropical forest in Mediterranean typed zones and the rest are present in tropics.

India has two hot spots. These are Western Ghats and Eastern Himalayas. Both of these areas are inhabited by a variety of flowering plants, reptiles, mammals, amphibian and butter flies

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