Explain briefly with the hell) of a circuit diagram how V - I characteristics of a p-n junction diode are obtained in (i) forward bias, and (ii) reverse bias.

1.

Circuit diagram for forward characteristics.

Connections are made as shown in the diagram. The voltmeter is connected in volt 1 V to 12 V. Ammeter is connected in the milliampere range. We vary the voltage across the diode and take the reading for the current in the ammeter and note it down. Then we plot current along the y axis and the potential along the x axis. The points are connected by a free hand curve to obtain the V-I curve.

2.

Circuit diagram for reversed characteristics

In case or reversed characteristics we follow the similar procedure as of the forward characteristics.

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