explain in brief the rise of Islam in Arabia . also throw light on the expansion of Islamic empire under the second caliphate Umar .
It's beginning is marked in the year 610
The first revelation was revealed to the prophet Muhammad at the age of 40.
The followers of Prophet spread the teachings of Islam throughout the Arabian peninsula.
The wars were fought with the enemies of Islam.
In many parts of the world, Islam spread through many links such as trade and commerce with the outside world.
Few points in timeline will through some more light on the above question:
570 C.E. Prophet Mohammed born in Mecca. He is a descendent of a noble family .His family was well know for their honesty and upright character.
610 C.E. Religion of Islam says age of 40,The first revelation was revealed to the prophet Muhammad at the age of 40 when visited him on retreat in a cave near Mecca called as cave of Hira.
622 C.E. After bearing persecution and hardships for longer time in Mecca, Prophet and his loyal followers migrated to the nearby town of Yathrib now called as Medina. It was the place where many converted to Islam. The migration event marked the beginning of the "hijrah" or "emigration," and the beginning of the Islamic calendar. It was here Muhammad establishes an Islamic state that was based on divine laws revealed in the Quran and the inspired guidance coming to him from God. People of different faiths accepted Islam as they were inspired by his character etc.
630 C.E. It was the time When Prophet returned without any violence the peaceful entry of theirs led all its citizens accept Islam. He cleared Kaaba from Idols and Images
633 C.E. Prophet left the world. Abu Bakr was elected as caliph
638 C.E. Muslims marched to Syria, Palestine, Iraq and Lebanon .