Explain the different type of vegetation and describe the vegetation of high altitude sir i didnt understand this question and its answer also its a ncrt book question of ch natural vegetation and wildlife

The different types of vegetation found in India are :

(A) Tropical Evergreen Forests:
i) These evergreen forests are found in warm and wet regions.
ii) These are found where the rainfall is more than 200cm, with a short dry season.
iii) These are found in the rainy slopes of western ghats, plains of West Bengal and Odisha and the North-eastern India
iv)These forests are dense and multilayered. Have different species of flora and fauna in these forests. The plants found in these regions are mostly tall.
v)The temperature of these regions varies from 23.5°C to 30°C. These forests are mostly found in regions near valleys and water bodies.

(B) Tropical Deciduous Forests: 
i. These forests are the most wide spread forests of India.
ii. Another name of these forests is the monsoon forests.
iii. They spread over areas of annual rainfall ranging between 200 cm and 70 cm.
iv. Trees of these forests shed their leaves for about six to eight weeks in dry season.
​​​​v. Every species has its own time of shedding leaves. Therefore, the forest does not appear leaveless at any time of the year.
vi. On the basis of rainfall, these forests are further divided into moist and dry deciduous.

(C) Tropical Thorn Forests and Scrubs:
i. In regions with less than 70 cm of rainfall, the natural vegetation consists of thorny trees and bushes.
ii This type of vegetation is found in the north-western part of the country including semi-arid areas of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana.
iii.  Acacias, palms, euphorbias and cacti are the main plant species. Trees are scattered and have long roots penetrating deep into the soil in order to get moisture. The stems are succulent to conserve water.
iv. Leaves are mostly thick and small to minimize evaporation. These forests give way to thorn forests and scrubs in arid areas.
v. In these forests, the common animals are rats, mice, rabbits, fox, wolf, tiger, lion, wild ass, horses and camels.

(D) Montane Forests:
i. In mountainous areas, the decrease in temperature with increasing altitude leads to the corresponding change in natural vegetation. The wet temperate type of forests are found between a height of 1000 and 2000 metres.
ii. Between 1500 and 3000 metres, temperate forests containing coniferous trees like pine, deodar, silver fir, spruce and cedar, are found.
iii. These forests cover mostly the southern slopes of the Himalayas, places having high altitude in southern and north-east India. Silver fir, junipers, pines and birches are the common trees of these forests.
iv. The common animals found in these forests are Kashmir stag, spotted dear, wild sheep, jack rabbit, Tibetan antelope, yak, snow leopard, squirrels, Shaggy horn wild ibex, bear and rare red panda, sheep and goats with thick hair.​​​​​​

(E) Mangrove Forests:
i. The mangrove tidal forests are found in the areas of coasts influenced by tides. Mud and silt get accumutated on such coasts.
ii. Dense mangroves are the common varieties with roots of the plants submerged under water.
iii.  The deltas of the Ganga, the Mahanadi, the Krishana, the Godavari and the Kaveri are covered by such vegetation.
iv. Royal Bengal Tiger is the famous animal in these forests. Turtles, crocodiles, gharials and snakes are also found in these forests.

A description of the vegetation of high altitudes :
In mountainous region s, there is a succession of natural vegetation belts in the same order as we see from the tropical to the tundra regions.
(a) The wet temperate types of forests are found between a height of 1,000 and 2,000 metres. Evergreen broad-leaf trees such as oaks and chestnuts are predominant in this area.
(b) Between 1,500 and 3,000 metres, temperate forests containing coniferous trees like pine, deodar and spruce are found. These forests cover mostly the southern slopes of the Himalayas and places having high altitude in southern and north-east India.
(c) At higher elevations, temperate grasslands are common.
(d) At altitudes higher than 3,600 metres, temperate forests and grasslands give way to the alpine vegetation . Silver fir, pines and birches are the common trees of these forests. They get progressively stunted as they approach the snow-line.
(e) Ultimately through shrubs and scrubs , they merge into the alpine grasslands .
(f) At higher altitudes, mosses and lichens form part of tundra vegetation .

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