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Function of gene

Dear Student,
A gene is a segment of the DNA in the chromosome that codes for a protein. The information present in the gene in the form of a sequence of nucleotide bases is used to form the RNA and then the protein. This is known as Central dogma. Please refer to the image below:

So, basically a gene decides the sequence of amino acids in a protein. A change in gene will form a different protein. Every gene has a particular position in the chromosome known as genetic locus. A gene is a unit of heredity. Genes get transmitted from parents to offsprings and are responsible for all the characters that they inherit because genes code for proteins. Proteins play diverse roles in the body as enzymes, hormones, structural elements, signalling molecules etc.
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transfer of characteristics and traits
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Each gene occupies a specific position on a chromosome. Because genes provide instructions for making proteins, and proteins determine the structure and function of each cell in the body, it follows that genes are responsible for all the characteristics you inherit.
Genes are a set of instructions that determine what the organism is like, its appearance, how it survives, and how it behaves in its environment. Genes are made of a substance called deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA. They give instructions for a living being to make molecules called proteins.
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Each gene occupies a specific position on a chromosome. Because genes provide instructions for making proteins, and proteins determine the structure and function of each cell in the body, it follows that genes are responsible for all the characteristics you inherit.
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