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Give the main postulates bohr's model of atom. Explain efforts maid by scientists to explain structure of atom.

Answer to the first part of the question:
The main postulates of Bohr's atomic theory are:
1. The electrons revolving around the nucleus are confined to certain fixed orbits called shells or energy levels ,each of which is associated with a fixed amount of energy.
2. While it is revolving around the nucleus in an orbit, an electron neither loses not gains energy.
3. An electron revolving in a particular orbit, in gaining a certain amount of energy, jumps to the next orbit and vice versa. Since each orbit is associated with a fixed amount of energy, Bohr called it an energy level.
 

Answer to the second part of the question:
In 1808, John Dalton discovered the existence of atoms. According to Dalton, matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are indivisible and cannot be created or destroyed.But in 1897, J.J.Thomson discovered electrons which proved that atoms are divisible.Afterwards, various experiments by scientists like Goldstein, Rutherford, Chadwick and Bohr helped in knowing the structure, mass and other properties of atom.

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  • In an atom, electrons revolve around the positively charged nucleus in a definite circular path called orbits or shells.
  • Each orbit or shell has a fixed energy and these circular orbits are known as orbital shells.
  • The energy levels are represented by an integer known as the quantum number. This range of quantum number starts from nucleus side with n=1 having the lowest energy level. The orbits n=1, 2, 3, 4 are assigned as K, L, M, N shells and when an electron attains the lowest energy level, it is said to be in the ground state.
  • The electrons in an atom move from a lower energy level to a higher energy level by gaining the required energy and an electron moves from a higher energy level to lower energy level by losing energy.
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The Bohr model postulates that electrons orbit the nucleus at fixed energy levels. Orbits further from the nucleus exist at higher energy levels. When electrons return to a lower energy level, they emit energy in the form of light.


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