Give two examples of social disease

Gonorrhea Chlamydia

Gonorrhoea and syphilis

 
Chlamydia

 

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), chlamydia is the most frequently reported bacterial sexually transmitted disease. Chlamydia infection is seen frequently in conjunction with gonorrhea infections. In males, chlamydia infections are characterized by moderate or scant discharge and burning during urination. In females, a cervical discharge may be present. According to Dr. F. Ndowa of the World Health Organization (WHO), asymptomatic infections of chlamydia can be seen in up to 25 percent of men and 70 percent of women. Untreated chlamydial infections can have some complications like infertility and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). The treatment for chlamydia is either doxycycline or azithromycin. Because chlamydia can be seen together with gonorrhea and each disease requires different treatment, people need to be tested for both infections.

 Syphilis

This centuries-old social disease once called the “Great Pox” has seen a reemergence in the past decade according to the CDC. Syphilis is caused by the spirochete bacteria Treponema pallidum. Syphilis infection can go through a series of stages of disease if left untreated. In primary syphilis, the main symptom is the presence of a painless chancre at the site of the infection. Secondary syphilis, which can occur up to two months after the appearance of the chancre, frequently demonstrates a widespread rash that often involves the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. The organism can go dormant and show no symptoms for years to decades. Tertiary syphilis is very serious and can involve the central nervous system, heart and other organs. Syphilis is easily treated, particularly in the early stages, with penicillin.

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gonorrhea, chlamydia and syphilis. Cause Transmission

The risks and transmission probabilities of sexually transmitted diseases are summarized by act in the table:^{[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]}

Risk per unprotected sexual act with an infected person   Known risks Possible Performing oral sex on a man

• Throat chlamydia^[15]
• Throat gonorrhea^[15] (25–30%)
• Herpes (rare)
• HPV^[16]
• Syphilis^[15] (1%)^[17]

• Hepatitis B (low risk)^[18]
• HIV (0.01%)^[19]
• Hepatitis C (unknown)

Performing oral sex on a woman

• Herpes
• HPV^[16]

• Throat gonorrhea^[15]
• Throat chlamydia^[15]

Receiving oral sex—man

• Chlamydia
• Gonorrhea^[15]
• Herpes
• Syphilis^[15] (1%)^[17]

• HPV

Receiving oral sex—woman

• Herpes

• HPV
• Bacterial Vaginosis^[15]
• Gonorrhea^[15]

Vaginal sex—man

• Chlamydia (30–50%)^[18]
• Crabs
• Scabies
• Gonorrhea (22%)^[20]
• Hepatitis B
• Herpes (0.07% for HSV-2)^[21]
• HIV (0.05%)^[19][21]
• HPV (high: around 40-50%)^[22]
• Mycoplasma hominis infection^{[28][29][30][31]}
• Syphilis
• Trichomoniasis
• Ureaplasma infection^[32][33]

• Hepatitis C

Vaginal sex—woman

• Chlamydia (30–50%)^[18]
• Crabs
• Scabies
• Gonorrhea (47%)^[23]
• Hepatitis B (50–70%)
• Herpes
• HIV (0.1%)^[19]
• HPV (high;^[18] around 40-50%)^[22]
• Mycoplasma hominis infection^[28][29][31]
• Syphilis
• Trichomoniasis
• Ureaplasma infection^[32][33]

• Hepatitis C

Anal sex—insertive

• Chlamydia
• Crabs
• Scabies (40%)
• Gonorrhea
• Hepatitis B
• Herpes
• HIV (0.62%)^[25]
• HPV
• Syphilis (14%)^[17]

• Hepatitis C

Anal sex—receptive

• Chlamydia
• Crabs
• Scabies
• Gonorrhea
• Hepatitis B
• Herpes
• HIV (1.7%)^[25]
• HPV
• Syphilis (1.4%)^[17]

• Hepatitis C

Anilingus

• Amebiasis
• Cryptosporidiosis (1%)
• Giardiasis^[34]
• Hepatitis A^[35](1%)
• Shigellosis^[36] (1%)

• HPV (1%)

Bacterial

• Chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi)
• Chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis)
• Gonorrhea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae), colloquially known as "the clap"
• Granuloma inguinale or (Klebsiella granulomatis)
• Mycoplasma genitalium^[37][38][39]
• Mycoplasma hominis^{[28][29][30][31][40]}
• Syphilis (Treponema pallidum)
• Ureaplasma infection^[32][33]

Fungal

• Candidiasis (yeast infection)

Viral   Micrograph showing the viral cytopathic effect of herpes (ground glass nuclear inclusions, multi-nucleation). Pap test. Pap stain.

• Viral hepatitis (Hepatitis B virus)—saliva, venereal fluids.
  (Note: Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E are transmitted via the fecal-oral route; Hepatitis C is rarely sexually transmittable,^[41] and the route of transmission of Hepatitis D (only if infected with B) is uncertain, but may include sexual transmission.^[42][43][44])
• Herpes simplex (Herpes simplex virus 1, 2) skin and mucosal, transmissible with or without visible blisters
• HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)—venereal fluids, semen, breast milk, blood
• HPV (Human Papillomavirus)—skin and mucosal contact. 'High risk' types of HPV cause almost all cervical cancers, as well as some anal, penile, and vulvar cancer. Some other types of HPV cause genital warts.
• Molluscum contagiosum (molluscum contagiosum virus MCV)—close contact

Parasites

• Crab louse, colloquially known as "crabs" or "pubic lice" (Pthirus pubis)
• Scabies (Sarcoptes scabiei)

Protozoal

• Trichomoniasis (Trichomonas vaginalis), colloquially known as "trich"