Given below is the experiment carried out by Mendel to study inheritance of two traits in garden pea.

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 A AND B MUST BE REPRESENTING THE FIGURES OR THE TRAITS INHERITED .A(RR,yy) AND B(rr,YY). C REPRESENTS THE TRAITS AQUIRED BY F1 PROGENY C(Rr,Yy). 
D F E G ARE THE RATIOS OF THE DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF F2 PROGENY. D=9 ,E=3 , F=3
, G=1.
MENDEL PERFORMED THIS EXPERIMENT TO STUDY WHETHER THE TRAITS ARE INHERITED INDEPENDTLY OR ARE THEY DEPENT ON EACH OTHER. IT IS EXPLAINED AS CHROMOSOMES CONTAINING TRAITS IN A GENE SET ARE NOT SINGLE LONG THREAD OF DNA BUT LOSSE THREAD LIKE STRUCTURES.

HOMOLOGOUS ORGANS ARE THOSE WHICH HAVE SIMILAR BASIC STRUCTURE BUT PERFORM DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS.
EX: ARMS OF HUMAN AND LIMBS OF HORSE.

ANALOGOUS ORGANS ARE THE ORGANS THAT HAVE DIFFERENT BASIC STRUCTURE BUT PERFORM THE SAME FUNCTION.FOR EX: WINGS OF BIRDS AND WINGS OF DRAGON FLY.