hey,please give me some important questions of chapter drainage..???

1. What is a drainage basin? 2. What is a water divide? 2. Explain GAP or Ganga action plan. 4. Differentiate between Himalayan and peninsular rivers. 5. Write short notes on: Ganga, Brahmaputra and Indus 6. What is the water divide of the peninsular rivers? 7. Which river is called the sorrow of Bengal and why? 8. What is Majuli? 9. Write about the suderban delta. 10. What is trellis drainage?

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Question.1: Which is the largest tributary of the Ganga?

Answer: The Yamuna is the largest and main tributary of the River Ganga.

Question.2: Which is the main watershed in Peninsular India?

Answer: The main watershed in Peninsular India is formed by the Western Ghats.

Question.3: Define: (a) Oxbow lake, (b) Drainage, (c) Distributary, (d) Meandering and Meanders, (e) Delta, (f) Estuary, (g) Lake, (h) River.

Answer:

(a) Oxbow Lake - Due to continuous erosion and deposition along the sides of the meanders, the end of meander loop come closer and closer. In due course of time the meander loops cut off from the river and forms a cut off lake also known as ‘Oxbow Lake’.

(b) Drainage - It can be defined as a system of flowing water from the higher level to the lower level. However, the term drainage is widely used to describe the river system of an area.

(d) Meandering and Meanders - The phenomenon of bending (winding) of a river in its lower course into small U-shaped loops is called as ‘Meandering’. Winding sections or loops of a river that swing from side-to-side as it flows over a level tract normally along its lower course are known as ‘Meanders’.

(e) Delta - A more or less triangular and level tract of alluvium formed at the mouth of a river entering a relatively quite body of a river. e.g. Sunderban delta.

(f) Estuary - It is the tidal mouth of a river where sweet and salty waters mix together. Estuaries are biologically one of the most productive zones in the world.

(g) Lake - a deep and vast depression on the surface of the earth filled with water.

(h) River - Rivers may be defined as natural streams of flowing water from a mountain, lake, spring etc. to the sea, lake or another water body.

Question.4: Which river streams constitute the Northern Plains?

Answer: The Indus in the west and the Ganga-Brahmaputra in the east are the river streams which constitute the Northern Plains.

Question.5: What is the name of the important river found in the Indian desert?

Answer: Luni.

Question.6: With which river Nagarjuna Sagar river valley project is associated?

Answer: Krishna River.

Question.7: Which river originates from a place known as Beas Kund?

Answer: Beas (Also known as Vipasha).

Question.8: Which river is known as the “sorrow” of west Bengal?

Answer: Damodar River.

Question.9: Name the river(s) on which the Indira Gandhi canal has been built.

Answer: Beas and Sutlej.

Question.10: Which river flows through Ladakh, Gilgit and Pakistan?

Answer: Indus River.

Question.11: Name the river whose source lies near Rohtang Pass.

Answer: Beas.

Question.12: Name the states through which river Mahanadi flows.

Answer: River Mahanadi flows through MP, Chhattisgarh and Orissa before falling into the Bay of Bengal.

Question.13: Name the longest westward flowing river of Peninsular India.

Answer: Narmada.

Question.14: What do you mean by ‘inland drainage’?

Answer: When waters of a river do not reach the oceans but fall into an inland sea or lake, such a drainage is called as ‘inland drainage’. Most of the rivers of Rajasthan are governed by inland drainage.

2: Answer the following questions briefly,

(i) What is meant by a water divide? Give an example.

(ii) Which is the largest river basin in India?

(iii) Where do the rivers Indus and Ganga have their origin?

(iv) Name the two head-streams of the Ganga. Where do they meet to form Ganga?

(v) Why does the Brahmaputra in its Tibetan part have less silt, despite a longer course?

(vi) Which two peninsular rivers flow through trough?

(vii) State some economic benefits of rivers and lakes.

Solution:

(i) Any upland or a mountain separating two adjoining drainage basins is known as water divide. Though the Indus, the Sutlej and the Brahmaputra rivers rise very close to each other near the Mansarovar Lake but because of the water divides they flow in different directions.

(ii) The Ganga basin is the largest river basin in India.

(iii) The Indus river has its origin in Tibet near the Mansarovar Lake while the Ganga River has its origin in Gangotri Glacier in Uttaranchal.

(iv) Alaknanda and Bhagirathi are the two headstreams of the Ganga. They meet at Devaprayag.

(v) The Brahmaputra river, which is known as Tsangpo in Tibet, receives very little volume of water in Tibet so; it has very little silt there. On the other hand, this river when enters India it passes through such a region which receives heavy rainfall. As such in India, in India it carries a large volume of water and larger amount of silt.

(vi) Narmada and Tapi are two peninsular rivers which flow through trough.

(vii) Refer to answer to the question no.6 below.

Question.3: Below are given names of a few lakes of India. Group those under two categories - natural (N) and created by human beings (HB).

(a) Wular (b) Dal (c) Nainital (d) Bhimtal (e) Govind Sagar (f) Loktak (g) Barapani (h) Chilika (i) Sambhar (j) Rana Pratap Sagar (k) Nizam Sagar (l) Pulicat (m) Nagarjuna Sagar (n) Hirakund.

Solution: (a) N (b) N (c) N (d) N (e) HB (f) N (g) N (h) N (i) N (j) HB (k) HB (l) N (m) HB (n) HB.

Question.4: Discuss the significant difference between the Himalayan and the Peninsular Rivers.

Solution: The following table differentiates between the Himalayan and the Peninsular Rivers -

The Himalayan Rivers

The Peninsular Rivers

1. The Himalayan rivers rise in the snow-covered mountains are perennial type.

2. They flow in leveled Northern Plains and are highly useful for irrigation, cultivation and also navigation purpose.

3. The Himalayan Rivers bring with them fertile alluvium which they deposit in the Indo-Gangetic plains.

4. Canals have been dug to use the water of these rivers for irrigation.

5. Many important towns and centers of trade are situated on the banks of these rivers.

6. The porous soil of Northern Plain absorbs the water which is later on used as ground water by digging wells and tube wells.

1. The mountains in which the Peninsular Rivers rise not snow covered. Hence they dry up during summer.

2. The Peninsular Rivers flow on rocky surface and so, they are neither navigable nor useful for irrigation.

3. They do not bring with them any alluvium. Due to their swift current the depositional activity are negligible.

4. as the terrains are rocky and the banks of these rivers are high so, canals can not be dug. However, dams are built to store the flood water for irrigation with the help of small channels.

5. Very few important towns and centers of trade are situated on the banks of these rivers.

6. The underlying soil being rocky does not absorb any water. Hence, no wells can be dug.

Question.5: Compare the east flowing and the west flowing rivers of the Peninsular plateau.

Solution: The following table gives a comparison between the east flowing and the west flowing rivers of the Peninsular plateau:

East flowing Rivers	West flowing Rivers
1. The Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna, the Cauvery are the main east flowing rivers of Peninsular India. 2. These rivers drain in the Bay of Bengal. 3. These rivers make deltas at their mouth. 4. These rivers have a developed, large tributary system. 5. These river flow not through very deep canals.	1. The Narmada and the Tapi are the main west flowing rivers of Peninsular India. 2. These rivers drain in the Arabian sea. 3. These rivers enter the sea through estuaries. 4. These rivers are devoid of a developed tributary system. Their tributaries are quite small in size. 5. These rivers flow in troughs.

Question.6: Why are rivers important for the country’s economy?

Solution: Rivers are highly important for the country’s economy. Following are some of the points which indicate the importance of rivers for the country’s economy:

=> The rivers contain natural fresh (sweet) water which is required for the survival of most of the animals including man.

=> They provide water for irrigation and cultivation.

=> They make soil rich and arable which can be easily brought under cultivation without much labour.

=> Used for navigation and transport thus, important for commercial activities.

=> Estuaries near the sea-shores, where the sweet water mixes freely with the salty water of the oceans, have proved one of the most biologically productive areas of the world.

=> The rivers are being harnessed for generating hydro-electric power.

=> Some lakes are also important tourist spots e.g. Dal Lake, Nainital etc.vv

GEOGRAPHY

CLASS – IX

CHAPTER -3

DRAINAGE

Q.1. What is a River System?

Ans. A river along with its tributaries is known as a River System or a Drainage system. Ex.

Ganga River System, Indus River System etc.

Q.2. Define the term drainage.

Ans. The term drainage describes the river system of an area.

Q.3. What is a drainage basin?

Ans. The area drained by a single river system is called a drainage basin.

Q.4. What do you understand by the term Water Divide?

Ans. Any elevated area such as a mountain or an upland that separates two drainage basins is

called a Water Divide. Ex. Ambala act as a water divide between Indus and Ganga River System.

Q.5. Define the following:

Ans. a. Drainage Pattern

The pattern formed by a river in a drainage basin depending upon the slope of land, rock

structure and also climatic condition is referred to as Drainage Pattern.

b. Perennial Rivers

Perennial rivers are those which have water throughout the year. These rivers receive

water from rain as well as from melted snow of the mountains. Ex. Ganga, Indus, Brahamaputra.

c. Seasonal RiversSeasonal rivers are those which are dependent upon rainfall for their flow. During the dry

season, even the large rivers have reduced the flow of water. Ex. Peninsular Rivers like

Mahanadi, Godavari, Narmada etc.

Q.6. What are the two types of drainage systems found in India?

Ans. Himalayan and Peninsular river systems.

Q.7. Name the rivers that originate from Mansarovar Lake.

Ans. River Indus, Satluj and Brahmaputra

Q.8. Where the headwaters of Ganga meet at?

Ans. Bhagirathi and Alaknanda meet at Dev Prayag in Uttarakhand.

Q.9. Where river Ganga leaves behind the mountains and enter the plains?

Ans. Haridwar

Q.10. Which river flows in Tibet with the name Tsang Po?

Ans. Brahamaputra

Q.11. What is the source and mouth of the river?

Ans. The place from where the river originates is called as the Source of the river.

The place where the river meets its end is known as the Mouth of the river.

Q.12.Apart from Narmada and Tapi, which are the other west flowing rivers?

Ans. Sabarmati, Mahi, Periyar, Bharathpuzha.

Q.13. Name the east flowing rivers of India apart from the major ones.

Ans. Damodar, Brahmani, Subarn rekha, Baitarni.

Q.14. Which peninsular rivers flow through a rift valley?

Ans. Narmada and Tapi

Q.15. Which rivers have the largest river basins in India and in Peninsular India?

Ans. In India: Ganga

In Peninsular India: Godavari

Q.16. What are the characteristics of river Yamuna?Ans. a. River Yamuna originates from the Yamunotri glacier of the Himalayas.

b. It is the largest tributary of river Ganga.

c. The river moves parallel to Ganga for a long distance and finally meets with Ganga at

Allahabad.

d. Many peninsular rivers join the Yamuna like Chambal, Betwa, Sind etc.

Q.17. Explain the Indus Water Treaty.

Ans. a. The Indus Water Treaty was sighned between India and Pakistan in 1960.

b. According to the regulations of this treaty India can use only 20% of the total water carried by

Indus system.

c. This water is used for irrigation in the Punjab, Haryana and the southern and western parts of

Rajasthan.

Q.18. What are the features of Sundarban Delta?

Ans. a. The delta formed by the rivers Ganga and Brahmaputra which is the largest delta of the

world is known as Sundarban Delta.

b. The delta derived its name from the Sundari trees which grows well in this marshland.

c. It is the world’s fast growing delta.

d. It is also the home of Royal Bengal Tiger.

Q.19. Why does the Brahmaputra in its Tibetan part have less silt, despite a longer course?

Ans. In Tibet, the river carries a smaller volume of water and less silt as it is a cold and a dry

area.

When the river enters India, the volume of water increases by the tributaries added into it, high

rainfall and melting snow.

Therefore, Brahmaputra in its Tibetan part have less silt, despite a longer course.

Q.20. Why river Godavari is often referred to as ‘Dakshin Ganga’?

Ans. Since river Ganga and Godavari are carrying similar characteristics, therefore, river

Godavari is often referred to as ‘Dakshin Ganga’.

1. As river Ganga is the largest river of India with the largest drainage basin, similarly

Godavari is the largest river of peninsular India with the largest drainage basin.

2. River Godavari and Ganga have the similar religious sentiments of the people attached to

it.

Q.21. Explain the four drainage patterns.

Ans. DENDRITIC PATTERN

The dendritic pattern develops where the river channel follows the slope of the

terrain. The stream along with its tributaries resembles the branches of a tree, thus the name

dendritic. Ex. River Ganga along with its tributaries.

TRELLIS PATTERN

A river joined by its tributaries at approximately right angles, develop a trellis

pattern. It is develop where hard and soft rocks are parallel to each-other. Ex. River Narmada

along with its tributaries.

RECTANGULAR PATTERN

A rectangular pattern is developed on a strongly jointed rocky terrain.

RADIAL PATTERNThe radial pattern develops when streams flow in different directions from a

central peak or dome like structure. Ex. Rivers like Narmada and Tapi rising from the highlands

of the peninsular plateau.

Q.22. Explain the different formations of lakes.

Ans. A. Oxbow lake

An oxbow lake is formed when the meandering river across a flood plain forms cut offs.

B. Lagoons

Spits and bars in the coastal areas formed by the depositional work of oceanic movement

forms a lagoon. Ex. Chilika lake (largest lake in India), Pulikat lake, Kolleru lake

C. Seasonal Lakes

Lakes in the region of inland drainage are sometimes seasonal which depends upon the

rainfall. Ex. Sambhar lake in Rajasthan which is a salt water lake.

D. Glacial Lake

These types of lakes are mostly found in Himalayan region. They are formed when glaciers

dug out a basin which was later filled snow melt. Ex. Wular lake in Jammu & Kashmir which is

the largest fresh water lake.

E. Artificial Lakes

Damming of rivers for the generation of hydel power has also led to the formation of lakes.

Ex. Guru Gobind Sagar on Bhakra Nangal Project.

Q.23. Why lakes are important for human beings?

Ans. a. Regulate the flow of river

Lakes help to regulate the flow of a river. During heavy rainfall, it prevents flooding and

during the dry season, it helps to maintain an even flow of water.

b. Generation of Hydel Power

Damming of rivers is done in order to store the water for the generation of Hydro

electricity. Ex. Hirakud dam on Mahanadi river.

c. Promote Tourism

Lakes are always an attraction for tourists for recreation. Lakes enhance the natural

beauty of the adjoining area and hence, promote tourism. Ex. Wular lake, Dal Lake in Jammu &

Kashmir.d. Moderate Climate

Lakes also help in moderating the climate of the adjoining area that supports ecosystem

within the lake and also outside the lake.

e. Source of rivers

Many lakes are also the major source for many rivers. Ex. Indus, Satluj, Brahamaputra

have their source in the Mansarovar lake.

Q.24. What is the role of a river in building up of an economy?

Ans. a. Cradle of Civilization

River banks have attracted settlers from ancient times. All the major civilizations of the

world were settled near to the river banks. Ex. Indus Valley Civilization, Nile Civilization etc.

Even today, many important cities of the world are settled near to the river banks.

b. Basic Natural Resource

Rivers have been of fundamental importance throughout the human history. Water from

the rivers is a basic natural resource, essential for various human activities.

c. Deposition of Sediments

The deposition of sediments done by the rivers makes the river banks highly good for

cultivation, thus, promoting agriculture over there.

d. Other uses

Using rivers for irrigation, navigation, hydro-power generation is of special significance

for a country.

Q.25. What are the main causes of increasing river pollution?

Ans. a. Industrial Effluents: A heavy load of untreated sewage and industrial effluents are

emptied into the rivers. This affects the quality of water and also the self cleansing capacity of

the river.

b. Urbanization: Modern trends of living consume more water. Moreover, the sewage problems

in cities have further added to the problem of water pollution.

c. Domestic Use: The use of rivers and lakes done for domestic purposes like washing and

bathing is adding to the problem of water pollution.

hope this helps !!!

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Q.1: Answer the following questions briefly

1. What is meant by a water divide? Give an example.

Any upland or a mountain separating two adjoining drainage basins is known as water divide. Though the Indus, the Sutlej and the Brahmaputra rivers rise very close to each other near the Mansarovar Lake but because of the water divides they flow in different directions.

2. Where do the rivers Indus and Ganga have their origin?

The Indus river has its origin in Tibet near the Mansarovar Lake while the Ganga River has its origin in Gangotri Glacier in Uttaranchal.

3. Why does the Brahmaputra in its Tibetan part have less silt, despite a longer course?

The Brahmaputra river, which is known as Tsangpo in Tibet, receives very little volume of water in Tibet so; it has very little silt there. On the other hand, this river when enters India it passes through such a region which receives heavy rainfall. As such in India, in India it carries a large volume of water and larger amount of silt.

4. Below are given names of a few lakes of India. Group those under two categories - natural (N) and created by human beings (HB).

(a) Wular (b) Dal (c) Nainital (d) Bhimtal (e) Govind Sagar (f) Loktak (g) Barapani (h) Chilika (i) Sambhar (j) Rana Pratap Sagar (k) Nizam Sagar (l) Pulicat (m) Nagarjuna Sagar (n) Hirakund.

Ans: (a) N (b) N (c) N (d) N (e) HB (f) N (g) N (h) N (i) N (j) HB (k) HB (l) N (m) HB (n) HB.

5. Discuss the significant difference between the Himalayan and the Peninsular Rivers.

Ans: The following table differentiates between the Himalayan and the Peninsular Rivers -

The Himalayan Rivers The Peninsular Rivers

1. The Himalayan rivers rise in the snow-

covered mountains are perennial type.

2. They flow in leveled Northern Plains and are

highly useful for irrigation, cultivation and also

navigation purpose.

3. The Himalayan Rivers bring with them fertile

alluvium which they deposit in the Indo-1. The mountains in which the Peninsular Rivers rise not snow covered. Hence they dry up during summer. 2. The Peninsular Rivers flow on rocky surface and so, they are neither navigable nor useful for irrigation. 3. They do not bring with them any alluvium.

Gangetic plains. 4. Canals have been dug to use the water of these rivers for irrigation. 5. Many important towns and centers of trade are situated on the banks of these rivers. 6. The porous soil of Northern Plain absorbs the water which is later on used as ground water by digging wells and tube wells. Due to their swift current the depositional activity are negligible. 4. as the terrains are rocky and thebanks of these rivers are high so, canals can not be dug. However, dams are built to store the flood water for irrigation with the help of small channels. 5. Very few important towns and centers of trade are situated on the banks of these rivers. 6. The underlying soil being rocky does not absorb any water. Hence, no wells can be dug.

6. Compare the east flowing and the west flowing rivers of the Peninsular plateau.

Ans: The following table gives a comparison between the east flowing and the west flowing rivers of the Peninsular plateau:

East flowing Rivers West flowing Rivers

1. The Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna, the

Cauvery are the main east flowing rivers of

Peninsular India.

2. These rivers drain in the Bay of Bengal.

3. These rivers make deltas at their mouth.

4. These rivers have a developed, large tributary

system.

5. These river flow not through very deep canals. 1. The Narmada and the Tapi are the main west flowing rivers of Peninsular India. 2. These rivers drain in the Arabian sea. 3. These rivers enter the sea through estuaries. 4. These rivers are devoid of a developed tributary system. Their tributaries are quite small in size. 5. These rivers flow in troughs.

7. Why are rivers important for the country’s economy?

Ans: Rivers are highly important for the country’s economy. Following are some of the points which indicate the importance of rivers for the country’s economy:

* The rivers contain natural fresh (sweet) water which is required for the survival of most of the animals including man.

* They provide water for irrigation and cultivation.

* They make soil rich and arable which can be easily brought under cultivation without much labour.

* Used for navigation and transport thus, important for commercial activities.

* Estuaries near the sea-shores, where the sweet water mixes freely with the salty water of the oceans, have proved one of the most biologically productive areas of the world.

* The rivers are being harnessed for generating hydro-electric power.

* Some lakes are also important tourist spots e.g. Dal Lake, Nainital etc.

EXTRA QUESTIONS

Q.1: Define: (a) Oxbow lake, (b) Drainage, (c) Distributary, (d) Meandering and Meanders, (e) Delta, (f) Estuary, (g) Lake, (h) River.

Ans:

(a) Oxbow Lake - Due to continuous erosion and deposition along the sides of the meanders, the end of meander loop come closer and closer. In due course of time the meander loops cut off from the river and forms a cut off lake also known as ‘Oxbow Lake’.

(b) Drainage - It can be defined as a system of flowing water from the higher level to the lower level. However, the term drainage is widely used to describe the river system of an area.

(d) Meandering and Meanders - The phenomenon of bending (winding) of a river in its lower course into small U-shaped loops is called as ‘Meandering’. Winding sections or loops of a river that swing from side-to-side as it flows over a level tract normally along its lower course are known as ‘Meanders’.

(e) Delta - A more or less triangular and level tract of alluvium formed at the mouth of a river entering a relatively quite body of a river. e.g. Sunderban delta.

(f) Estuary - It is the tidal mouth of a river where sweet and salty waters mix together. Estuaries are biologically one of the most productive zones in the world.

(g) Lake - a deep and vast depression on the surface of the earth filled with water.

(h) River - Rivers may be defined as natural streams of flowing water from a mountain, lake, spring etc. to the sea, lake or another water body.

hope it helps!!!