Hii experts ..pls tell what r restrictive and non restrictive clauses ..also tell that the third line I have underlined ,in the question it is written "it is in apposition to a noun or pronoun" ..so pls tell what does this apposition mean ..pls give eg also

Dear student,

A defining clause (restrictive clause) qualifies a noun; it helps identify a noun.
For example: I will wear a dress that I bought from Marks and Spencer.
He is the singer who won a Grammy.

A non-defining clause (non-restrictive clause) gives extra information for a noun that is already clearly identified.
For example: Two States is written by Chetan Bhagat, who has also written Half girlfriend .  

The word 'apposition' means placing two things side by side or close together. Using a noun or a noun phrase in apposition is done by placing the two phrases/nouns together, next to each other.
Both refer to the same thing, one gives more information about the other.
For example: Rita Singh, the vice-principal , is a good administrator.
The two noun phrases 'Rita Singh' and 'the vice principal' are placed next to each other. Their order can be reversed.
The vice-principal, Rita Singh, is a good administrator.  

Regards

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