how is the factors which determine the magnitude of the orbital splitting energy?
The splitting energy you are talking about is known as crystal field splitting energy.
Factors affecting crystal field splitting energy:
1) The coordination geometry and number of ligands around the metal ion- Generally, the tetrahedral field produce smaller spillting than octahedral field.
2) The nature of the ligands - Strong field ligands cause more splitting than weak field ligands.
3) The oxidation state of metals- Higher is the oxidation state of the central metal ion, greater is the crystal field splitting.
4) Nature of the metal ion- The splitting tends to increase down the group.The order of crystal field splitting for metal ions with same ligand and complex type is :Mn2 + < Ni2+ < Co2 + < Fe 2+< V2 + < Fe3 + < Cr 3+< V3+ < Co3 + < Mn4+ < Rh 3+< Pd4 + < Ir3+ < Pt4+
Factors affecting crystal field splitting energy:
1) The coordination geometry and number of ligands around the metal ion- Generally, the tetrahedral field produce smaller spillting than octahedral field.
2) The nature of the ligands - Strong field ligands cause more splitting than weak field ligands.
3) The oxidation state of metals- Higher is the oxidation state of the central metal ion, greater is the crystal field splitting.
4) Nature of the metal ion- The splitting tends to increase down the group.The order of crystal field splitting for metal ions with same ligand and complex type is :Mn2 + < Ni2+ < Co2 + < Fe 2+< V2 + < Fe3 + < Cr 3+< V3+ < Co3 + < Mn4+ < Rh 3+< Pd4 + < Ir3+ < Pt4+