How the road vehicle causes pollution 4 marks question please provide a long answer

Dear Student
Different vehicles like cars, motorcycles, buses, trucks etc running on road release large amount of smoke which contain harmful chemicals. This smoke makes air unfit for living organisms  thereby causing air pollution.

Air pollution refers to the presence of foreign substances in the air that don’t belong there, or excessive amounts of certain impurities that wouldn't harm us otherwise. When cars burn gasoline, they emit pollutants. Gasoline fumes escape into the air even when we pump gasoline into our fuel tanks.

There are four major pollutants that come from cars:
 

1. A car emits carbon monoxide when the carbon in fuel doesn't burn completely.
2. A car's exhaust emits hydrocarbons, a toxic compound of hydrogen and carbon.
3. When fuel burns, nitrogen and oxygen react with each other and form nitrogen oxides (NO_x).
4. Particulate matter -- small particles of foreign substances -- in the air contribute to atmospheric haze and can damage people’s lungs.

Pollutants from cars contribute to various types of air pollution. When hydrocarbons and NO_x combine in sunlight, they produce ozone. High in the atmosphere, ozone protects us from the sun’s ultraviolet rays. When holes in the atmosphere's ozone layer allows ozone to come closer to Earth, it contributes to smog and causes respiratory problems.

Regards