how to calculate number of onto ,not-onto ,many-one ,one-one function

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Solution of such questions required knowledge of a chapter of Algebrawhich is Permutation and Combination.Without knowledge of Permutation and Combination, we cannot dealwith these type of questions.e.g.For a function defined from A to B such that A has 'n' different elements and B has 'r' different elements, find under various conditions' i Total number of onto functions possible.  ii Total number of into functions possible. iiiTotal number of constant functions possible.Sol:A has n elements and B has r elements.For total functions each element in n has r options.HenceTotal functions=r×r×r×..... ntimes=rnFor constant function, each value in A should map to same value in B,henceNumber of constant function=rC1=rNumber of onto functions can be found out by Inclusion Exclusion Principle.For onto functions, each element inn B must have pre image in A, hence usingincluison Exclusion Principle , we haveNumber of onto functions=rn-rC1r-1n+rC2r-2n-rC3r-3n+.....+-1r-1 rCr-1 1nTotal Into functions=Total Functions-Onto functions=rn-rn-rC1r-1n+rC2r-2n-rC3r-3n+.....+-1r-1 rCr-1 1n=rC1r-1n-rC2r-2n+rC3r-3n-.....--1r-1 rCr-1 1

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