Biodiversity is the degree of variation of life This can refer to genetic variation, species variation, or ecosystem variation within an area, biome or planet Terrestrial biodiversity tends to be highest at lowlatitudes near the equator, which seems to be the result of the warm climate and high primary productivity. Marine biodiversity tends to be highest along coasts in the Western Pacific, where sea surface temperature is highest and in mid-latitudinal band in all oceans. Biodiversity generally tends to cluster in hotspots, and has been increasing through time but will be likely to slow in the future.
Rapid environmental changes typically cause mass extinction One estimate is that
The earliest evidences for life on earth are graphite found to be biogenic in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentry rocks discovered in western greenland and microbial mat forces found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia .Since life began on Earth, five major mass extinctions and several minor events have led to large and sudden drops in biodiversity. The Phanerozoic eon (the last 540million years) marked a rapid growth in biodiversity via the Cambrian explosion—a period during which the majority of multicellular phyla first appeared. The next 400million years included repeated, massive biodiversity losses classified as mass extinction events. In the Carboniferous, rainforest collapse led to a great loss of plant and animal life. The PermianTriassic extinction event, 251million years ago, was the worst; vertebrate recovery took 30million years. The most recent, the CretaceousPaleogene extinction event, occurred 65million years ago and has often attracted more attention than others because it resulted in the extinction of the dinosaurs.
The period since the emergence of humans has displayed an ongoing biodiversity reduction and an accompanying loss of genetic diversity. Named the Holocene extinction, the reduction is caused primarily by human impacts, particularly habitat destruction. Conversely, biodiversity impacts human health in a number of ways, both positively and negatively.
