i want short note on

1.Awadh

2.Sikhs

Ch-10 History

     Awadh:
  1. Awadh was a state that came under the old Mughal provinces during the 18th century India.
  2. It was founded by Sa’adat Khan who was initially high Mughal Nobility but later became Governor of Awadh.
  3. Awadh was a prosperous region, controlling the rich alluvial Ganga plain and the main trade route between north India and Bengal.
  4. The administration was efficient with the combined offices of subadari, diwani and faujdari.
  5. The state depended on local bankers and mahajans for loans and ijaradars (revenue farmers) tax collection.
 
     Sikhs:
  1. During the 17th century the Sikhs were organised into a political community which helped them make Punjab a regional state.
  2. Guru Gobind Singh founded the institution of the Khalsa in 1699. He fought many battles against the Rajput and Mughal rulers, both before and after the institution of the Khalsa.
  3. After the death of Guru Gobind Singh in 1708, the Khalsa rose in revolt against the Mughal authority under  Banda Bahadur’s leadership.
  4. Punjab declared its sovereign rule by striking coins in the name of Guru Nanak and Guru Gobind Singh, and  established their own administration between the Sutlej and the Yamuna.

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Eighteenth-Century Political Formations cbse 7 social science Question Revision Notes - cbse Notes of 7th social science Revision

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1 Awadhis a region in the centre of the modern Indian state ofUttar Pradesh, which was beforeindependenceknown as theUnited Provinces of Agra and Oudh. Also known in British historical texts asOudhorOudederived from Ayodhya, it was established around 1722 AD withFaizabadas its capital andSadat Ali Khanas its firstNawaband progenitor ofNawabs of Awadh. The traditional capital of Awadh had originally beenFaizabad, but it was later moved toLucknow, which serves as the present-day capital of Uttar Pradesh.

2 ASikh(/siːk,sɪk/;Punjabi:ਸਿੱਖsikkh[sɪkkʰ]) is a follower ofSikhism, amonotheisticreligionthat originated in the 16th century in thePunjab region.[29]The term "Sikh" means disciple, student, or(śikṣa).[30][31]A Sikh is a disciple/subject of theGuru.

One who calls himself a Sikh of theGuru, the True Guru, shall rise in the early morning hours and meditate on the Lord's Name. Upon arising early in the morning, the Sikh is to bathe, and cleanse himself in the pool of nectar. Following the Instructions of the Guru, the Sikh is to chant the Name of the Lord,Har. All sins, misdeeds and negativity shall be erased. Then, at the rising of the sun, the Sikh is to singGurbani; whether sitting down or standing up, the Sikh is to meditate on the Lord's Name. One who meditates on my Lord, Har, with every breath and every morsel of food thatGursikhbecomes pleasing to the Guru's Mind. That person, unto whom my Lord and Master is kind and compassionate upon that Gursikh, the Guru's Teachings are bestowed. ServantNanakbegs for the dust of the feet of that Gursikh, who himself chants theNaam, and inspires others to chant it.[32]

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*AWADH -THE STATE OF AWADH WAS SITUATED IN MORDERN UTTAR PRADESH,BESIDES FERTILE LAND,IT HAD THE ADVANTAGE OF BEING LOCATED ON THE TRADE ROUTE LINKING BENGAL AND NORTH-WESTERN INDIA.AWADH WAS ALSO CLOSE TO DELHI AND HENCE PLAYED AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN MUGHAL POLITICS.

*SIKHS-SIKHISM IS A RELIGION OF SIKHS.IN THE LATE 15TH CENTURY THE TEACHINGS OF GURU NANAK DEV BECAME POPULAR AMONG THE PEOPLE OF PUNJAB.HIS TEACHINGS FORMED A BASIS OF SIKHISM

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