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Make a comparative study on the 3 mass movement by Mahatma Gandhi: civil disobedience , quit india movement , and non- cooperative movement

 Quit India Movement---The Second World War was declared in Europe on 1st September 1939. The British Government in India, without consulting public opinion declared war on Germany. For the Indians, war provided the opportunity to revive the anti-colonial movement. However, the Indian leaders were not in favour of such opportunism, as it would harm the cause of the democratic, anti-fascist forces. But the British, despite declaring war as a fight for democracy, showed no concern for Indians and their cause. Japan joined the war in December 1941 and threatened the Indian borders. The news of retreating British forces, leaving Indians and others to the mercy of the Japanese, created a sense of anger and helplessness in India. Army artrocities and war-time crises made the people restless. Gandhi understood this growing unr est and, despite strong reservations of most leaders, decided to launch a movement. On 8th August at 1942. at Bombay, he gave the call of 'Do or Die' and asked the British to 'Quit India'. Gandhiji and other leaders were arrested that night. From the next day, people across the country came out in the open, and a massive anti-colonial movement began.

 

The following were the main features of the Civil Disobedience movement:

a) The people refused to obey unjust laws. Gandhi led the Dandi March and broke the unjust salt tax law as a challenge to the British Government.

b) Foreign cloth was boycotted and liquor shops were picketed. Peasants refused to pay revenue and taxes. People also broke the forest laws.

c) Schools, colleges and government offices and institutions were boycotted.

d) There was large- scale arrest of people and leaders who participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement.

non cooperation movement:

The Non Cooperation Movement was one of the major events in Indias freedom struggle against the British. This movement was led by Mahatma Gandhi, with the active support of the Indian National Congress.

The Non Cooperation Movement was launched on 1st August, 1920. It involved a passive resistance, without resorting to violence, to the British rule by means of surrendering everything related to the government. Councils, courts, schools and other institutions established by the British government were boycotted. Titles were surrendered and important posts in the government were resigned. Even the foreign cloths were discarded.

The congress party established a parallel police force to form an alternative to the government forces. Almost every region in the country participated in this movement, with the involvement of the local leaders. A visit by the Prince of Wales to India on 17th November 1921 was marked by empty streets and closed shops.

The Non Cooperation Movement came to a halt on 12th February 1922, due to a violent incident, which killed 25 policemen and an inspector. Mahatma Gandhi, being upset by the incident, called off the movement

 

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