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Study MaterialChange ChapterMachines0%Topic:Pulley and WheelAxelTake a Chapter TestView Revision Notes

Pulley

Nisha goes to her native village. There she sees women lifting water from a well. She notices that the rope, by which the women are drawing the water bucket, passes over a circular disc. Do you know why the circular disc is used?

The wheel has a groove on it. This keeps the rope passing over it from slipping. This rope is, in turn, tied to a bucket. Now, when the rope is pulled downwards, the rotation of the wheel brings the bucket upwards.

The whole arrangement is called pulley system. A pulley system is used for lifting heavy loads easily.

Do you know why we use pulley system to lift heavy load?

It is sometimes easier to apply force in one direction than the other. For example, it is always easier to apply force in the downward direction than in the upward direction. The primary purpose of a pulley is to change the direction of the force. It is made up of a circular disc or a wheel, which can rotate about a fixed axis that passes through its centre. The disc has a groove in its edge to provide better grip to the rope passed over it.

You must have seen at any construction site that large cranes have a pulley system fixed at the top of their long arms and some ropes are passed over them to lift heavy loads.

WheelAxel

As the name suggests, wheel and axel comprise of a wheel and a rod (axel) passes through the centre of the wheel. The wheel is attached to the rod in such a way that when we turn the wheel, the axle also turns. Let us take the example of a screw driver, which is a wheel and axle. The handle of the screw driver is the wheel and the rod is the axle. When we turn the wheel, the rod also turns. Screw driver always uses lesser force because the long handle gives more space to apply it. Other examples of wheel and axle are door knob, steering wheel of a car, etc.

You can also use wheelaxel to take water out from a well. In that case, two separate ropes are passed over the wheel and the axel, but the ropes are whirled in opposite turns. The bucket is attached to the rope that passes over the axel. To take water out of the well, you have to pull the rope whirled around the wheel. This, in turn, rotates the axel and the rope attached to it whirls around it. In this way, the water-filled bucket comes up.

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