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Study MaterialChange ChapterTissues25%Topic:Meristematic TissuesTake a Chapter TestView NCERT SolutionsView Revision NotesTissues: An Overview

All living organisms are made up of millions of cells. These cells perform all the functions of the body—whether it is the beating of the heart or the movement of the hands. Let us find out how these cells perform so many different functions.

What can you conclude from the figures given above?

The given figures show that:cells having similar structures combine to perform the same function.This combination or cluster of cells is known as a tissue. For example, nerve cells combine to form the nervous tissue.

There arennumber of cells in multicellular organisms. These cellsmake up the tissues, which in turn combine to make up the different organs. The different organs form the different organ systems and these organ systems unite to form the organism.

Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ systems → Organism/Individual

On the other hand, unicellular organisms have only a single cell. This sole cell performs all cellular functions. For example,Amoeba. So, division of labour is a feature of multicellular organisms rather than of unicellular organisms. The tissues present in one organism are different from the tissues present in another. For example, the tissues present in animals are broadly classified asepithelial, connective, muscularandnervous tissues. In contrast, the tissues present in plants are broadly classified asmeristematicandpermanent.

Meristematic Tissues

Meristematic tissue, also known asmeristem, is composed of immature and continuously dividing cells. In plants, the shoot and root tips are made up of meristematic tissues.

Let us observe meristematic tissues.

Characteristics of meristematic tissues:

  • Meristems are made up of immature orundifferentiatedcells.
  • Their cells are small in size.
  • Their cells are highly active metabolically and contain a dense cytoplasm.
  • Intercellular space is negligible and is often absent in case of meristematic tissues.
  • The cell wall is thinner and has a prominent nucleus.
Types of Meristematic Tissues

Apical meristems: They are present at the tips of stems, roots and branches. They are responsible for the axial growth in a plant.

Types of Meristematic Tissues

Intercalary meristems: They are present at the base of the internodes. They are responsible for the growth of the internodal region.

Lateral meristems: They are present on the lateral side of stems and roots. They are responsible for the radial growth of plants.Vascular cambiumandcork cambiumare examples of lateral meristem.



Types of Meristematic Tissues

Example2:Why are meristematic cells referred to as undifferentiated cells?

Solution:Meristematic cells are undifferentiated cells because they are in a dividing state and their nature of work has not been decided. When cells perform a particular function, they are said to be differentiated.



Classification of Plant Tissues
  • Topics
  • Introduction
  • Meristematic Tissu...
    • - Tissues: An Overview
    • - Meristematic Tissues
    • - Types of Meristemat...
    • - Classification of P...
    • Review
  • Simple Permanent T...
  • Complex Permanent ...
  • Epithelial Tissue
  • Connective Tissues
  • Muscular Tissues
  • Neural Tissues

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