Mind map on economics chapter 2

Overview

People as Resource is a way of referring to a country’s working people in terms of their existing productive skills and abilities. Like other resources, the population is also considered as a human resource. When the existing ‘human resource’ is further developed by becoming more educated and healthy, it is called human capital formation. Investment in human capital (through education, training, medical care) yields a return just like investment in physical capital.
Economic Activities by Men and Women

The activities in Economics are divided into three sectors i.e. primary, secondary and tertiary. Primary sector includes agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishing, poultry farming, mining and quarrying. Secondary sector includes manufacturing. Tertiary sector includes trade, transport, communication, banking, education, health, tourism, services, insurance, etc. These activities are termed as economic activities. Economic activities have two parts — market activities and non-market activities. Market activities involve remuneration to anyone who performs i.e., activity performed for pay or profit. These include production of goods or services, including government service. Non-market activities are the production for self-consumption. These can be consumption and processing of primary product and own-account production of fixed assets.

 

There was a division of labour between men and women. Men were paid for their services but to the contrary women were not paid for their services. Education played an important role for individuals to make better use of economic opportunities.
Quality of Population

The quality of population depends upon the literacy rate, health of a person indicated by life expectancy and skill formation acquired by the people of the country. It ultimately decides the growth rate of the country and a literate and healthy population were an asset.

 

Education

Education contributes to the growth of society and enhances the national income, cultural richness and increases the efficiency of governance. Literacy is needed for citizens to perform their duties and enjoy their rights properly. Sarva Siksha Abhiyan, which was introduced in the year 2010 provides elementary education to all children in the age group of 6–14 years. 
Health

Improvement in the health status of the population has been the priority of the country. The National Policy, too, aimed at improving the accessibility of healthcare, family welfare and nutritional service, especially for the underprivileged segment of the population. India over the last five decades has developed its manpower required in the primary, secondary and tertiary sector.

 

Unemployment

In India, we have unemployment in rural and urban areas, though the nature of unemployment differs in rural and urban areas. In rural areas, unemployment was seasonal and disguised. In urban areas, unemployment was educated unemployment. Seasonal unemployment occurred when people were not able to find jobs during a few particular months of the year. In disguised unemployment people appeared to be employed. Educated unemployment became a common phenomenon in urban areas.