Name and define each orgenells of animal and hunan cell.
Solution
- An animal cell is a type of eukaryotic cell that lacks a cell wall and has a true, membrane-bound nucleus along with other cellular organelles. Human belongs to animal kingdom hence the cell type of a human is animal cell.
- Animal cells range in size from a few microns to few millimetres.
- The shape of animal cells also varies, with some being flat, others oval or rod-shaped.
A typical animal cell comprises the following main cell organelles:
Cell Membrane
A thin semipermeable membrane layer of protein and fats surrounding the cell. Its primary role is to protect the cell from its surrounding. Also, it controls the entry and exit of nutrients and other microscopic entities into the cell.
Nuclear Membrane
It is a double-membrane structure that surrounds the nucleus. It is also referred to as the nuclear envelope.
Nucleus
It is an organelle that contains several other sub-organelles such as nucleolus, nucleosomes and chromatins. It also contains DNA and other genetic materials.
Centrosome
It is a small organelle found near to the nucleus which has a thick centre with radiating tubules. The centrosomes are where microtubules are produced.
Lysosome
They are round organelles surrounded by a membrane and comprising digestive enzymes which help in digestion, excretion and in the cell renewal process.
Cytoplasm
A jelly-like material which contains all the cell organelles, enclosed within the cell membrane. The substance found within the cell nucleus, contained by the nuclear membrane is called the nucleoplasm.
Golgi Apparatus
A flat, smooth layered, sac-like organelle which is located near the nucleus and involved in manufacturing, storing, packing and transporting the particles throughout the cell.
Mitochondria
They are spherical or rod-shaped organelles with a double membrane. They are the powerhouse of a cell as they play an important role in releasing energy.
Ribosome
They are small organelles made up of RNA-rich cytoplasmic granules, and they are the sites of protein synthesis.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
This cellular organelle is composed of a thin, winding network of membranous sacs originating from the nucleus.
Vacuole
A membrane-bound organelle present inside a cell involved in maintaining shape and storing water, food, wastes.