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Labeled parts are as follows:
A. Collecting duct: It participates in balancing electrolytes and fluids by re-absorption of water and solutes from the filtrate.
B. Loop of Henle: It plays a significant role in the maintenance of the concentration of solutes and water in urine. The descending limb concentrates the filtrate as it moves down by absorbing excess water and the ascending limb transports the electrolytes actively or passively to dilute the concentrated filtrate. Finally, the filtrate so formed is concentrated to limit the loss of water and required solutes from the body.
C. Distal Convoluted tubule: It secretes and absorbs different ions to maintain blood pH and electrolyte balance.
X. Interlobular artery: Supply blood for filtration to glomeruli.
Y. Interlobular vein: Takes away the filtered blood from glomeruli.
In the nephron, filtration occurs in the glomerulus. Glomerular filtration is the first step in making urine. It is the process that your kidneys use to filter excess fluid and waste products out of the blood into the urine collecting tubules of the kidney, so they may be eliminated from your body. Glomerular filtration moves water and solutes, except plasma proteins, from blood plasma into the glomerular capsule. The fluid that enters the glomerular capsule is called glomerular filtrate.
Dialysis is a procedure that is a substitute for many of the normal duties of the kidneys like filtering of wastes in case of kidney failure. It contains a number of tubes with a semi-permeable lining, suspended in a tank filled with dialysing fluid. This fluid has the same osmotic pressure as blood, except that it is devoid of nitrogenous wastes. The patient’s blood is passed through these tubes. During this passage, the waste products from the blood pass into a dialyzing fluid by diffusion. The purified blood is pumped back into the patient. This is similar to the function of the kidney, but it is different since there is no reabsorption involved. Normally, in a healthy adult, the initial filtrate in the kidneys is about 180 L daily. However, the volume actually excreted is only a liter or two a day, because the remaining filtrate is reabsorbed in the kidney tubules.
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