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A vector is a DNA molecule that is used to carry a foreign DNA into the host cell. It has the ability to self replicate and integrate into the host cell. These vectors have helped in analysing the molecular structure of DNA.

Vectors can be a plasmid from the bacterium, a cell from the higher organism or DNA from a virus. The target DNA is inserted into the specific sites of the vector and ligated by DNA ligase. The vector is then transformed into the host cell for replication.

 

The cloning vectors possess the following features:

1. A cloning vector should possess an origin of replication so that it can self-replicate inside the host cell.
2. It should have a restriction site for the insertion of the target DNA.
3. It should have a selectable marker with an antibiotic resistance gene that facilitates screening of the recombinant organism.
4. It should be small in size so that it can easily integrate into the host cell.
5. It should be capable of inserting a large segment of DNA.
6. It should possess multiple cloning sites.
7. It should be capable of working under the prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems.