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Ans. Option 2: leads to ATP production

Chemiosmotic hypothesis explains how ATP is synthesised in chloroplast. Chemiosmosis requires a membrane, a proton pump, a proton gradient and ATP synthase.
Protons accumulate towards the inside of the thylakoid membrane; in the lumen. The proton gradient is broken down due to the movement of H+ from the lumen towards the stroma through the transmembrane channel of the F0 of ATPase.​ Break down of proton gradient provides energy to induce conformational changes in the F1 particle of the ATP synthase. This makes ATP synthase synthesise molecules of ATP.

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