Please explain in simple language how Recombinant DNA was made by Cohen and Boyer . Please explain all the essential theory related to this for NEET .

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Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer in the year 1973 conducted a first genetic engineering experiment. They showed that the gene for African frog ribosomal RNA could be transferred and expressed in bacterial cells. They constructed a plasmid vector called pSC101. This vector contained a single site for the restriction endonuclease, EcoRI and a gene for tetracycline resistance. The restriction endonuclease EcoRI was used to cut the frog DNA into small fragments. Then the frogs DNA fragments were combined with the plasmid vector that had also been cut with EcoRI.The sticky ends of the DNA fragments aligned themselves and the segments were joined together with the help of DNA ligase. Some plasmids incorporate genes other than the rRNA gene and some do not incorporate new pieces of DNA. The plasmids were then transferred into a tetracycline-sensitive stain of Escherichia coli and plated onto a growth medium containing tetracycline. The cells that incorporated the plasmid carrying the tetracycline gene and form a colony of cells, some of these colonies consists of cells that carry the frog ribosomal RNA gene. These colonies were then tested by the researchers that form after growth for the presence of frog ribosomal RNA.  

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