Please give me a big set of information on "Endemic Species" for my Biology Project.

Definition of an endemic species: a species which is only found in a given region or location and nowhere else in the world. This definition requires that the region that the species is endemic to, be defined, such as a “site endemic” (e.g. just found on Mount Celaque),6 a “national endemic” (e.g. found only in Honduras), a “geographical range endemic” (e.g. found in the Himalayan region, which however covers several Himalayan countries and therefore is not a national endemic), or a political region endemic (e.g. found in countries of Central America). Taken to an extreme, a cosmopolite species is still endemic to Earth! 

From these examples it is clear that the use of the mere term endemic as such is rather vague and without too much value by itself. National and political region endemism of large countries or regions has far less significance than endemism of small countries and very limited range endemism. An endemic species for Brazil (Sorry guys), which covers half the territory of South Ameriica, just is not as special as a the endemic hummingbird that lives in just one valley in Honduras. In the context of this study, we only take into consideration nationally endemic species. There is a thorough justification for that. Conservation can only be carried out under national legislation, and national endemics fully depend on the effort and success of conservation in the country where it lives. For smaller countries, the concept of national endemism automatically means that nationally endemic species have very limited ranges and thus, by the IUCN criteria must always be considered to be at least vulnerable. 

It must be noted, that the concept of endemism very much depends on the knowledge of the geographical range of a species. Usually, a newly discovered species has only been found in a limited site, and with the knowledge of that moment, it should be considered a site and national endemic. However, this only lasts until the moment that someone discovers it in another country. At that moment its original status of national endemism will be lost. This is bound to be the case for many endemic organisms which are difficult to be noticed or recognised, such as species from very large and complex groups (plants, arthropods) or small organisms. Endemic status of well studied, conspicuous taxa with manageable numbers of species (birds, mammals, herpetofauna, icthyofauna), tend to be more stable.

THIS IS THE INFORMATION 

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Endemic species are indigenous to a geographical region and hence have area restrictedness. Diversity of such species is measured in terms of a unit called the species count. It gives an indicator of the number, type, location (geographical) and other variations in a particular site, i.e., primulla and potentilla at high altitudes of Himalayas.

There are 25 clearly defined areas in the world called 'hot-spots' which support about 50,000 endemic plant species, comprising 20 per cent of the world's total flora. India's defined location of 'hot-spots' is the Western Ghats and the North Eastern regions. About 4,900 species of flowering plants are 33 per cent of the recorded floras are endemic to the country.

These are distributed over 141 genera belonging to 47 families. The Western Ghats is well-known for harboring 14 endemic species of caecilians (i.e., legless amphibians) out of 15 recorded from the region so far.

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An endemic species is an animal or plant species whose habitat is restricted to a particular area or space on the globe. This general term is used for a range of creatures includingmammal species, reptile speciesbird species and insect species. Details on an endemic species may be different depending on what kind of animal or plant is being referenced. Generally, an endemic species is a focus point for helping to protect biodiversity in a given environment.

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