Please give the steps to SECONDARY hydrarch and xerarch succession.

Dear student,

1)The succession originates in an aquatic environment is known as hydrach succession.
    Different stages include:
    0. Newly formed water body
    1. Phytoplankton stage
    2. Root submerged stage
    3. Rooted floating stage
    4. Reed swamp stage
    5. Sedge meadow stage
    6.Woodland stage
    7.Forest stage

2) Xerarch succession originates from an area where water content is very low ( rock surface).
    Different stages include:
    1. The pioneer species lichens grows on rock surfaces.
    2. The lichens secrete some acids that dissolves rock, help in weathering and soil formation.
    3. Small plants like bryophytes can grow on this surface and hold the soil.
    4. Gradually, these are succeeded by bigger plants like herbs, shrubs and finally trees.

Regards.
 

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