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Please find below the solution for your asked query:
(i) The most stable oxidation state of lanthanides is +3. But some of the lanthanides such as Yb and Tb exist in +2 and +4 oxidation state. Thus to revert to the stable +3 oxidation state the Yb2+ gets oxidized to Yb3+ oxidation state and thus acting as a reducing agent. Similarly, Tb4+ gets reduced to Tb3+ in an aqueous solution and thus acts as a good oxidizing agent.
(ii) (a) Ions that contain all paired electrons are diamagnetic while those containing unpaired electrons are paramagnetic. Among the lanthanides , La3+ [4f 0] & Lu3+ [4f 14] are diamagnetic. Rest all trivalent lanthanide ions are paramagnetic due to the presence of unpaired electrons.
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Please find below the solution for your asked query:
(i) The most stable oxidation state of lanthanides is +3. But some of the lanthanides such as Yb and Tb exist in +2 and +4 oxidation state. Thus to revert to the stable +3 oxidation state the Yb2+ gets oxidized to Yb3+ oxidation state and thus acting as a reducing agent. Similarly, Tb4+ gets reduced to Tb3+ in an aqueous solution and thus acts as a good oxidizing agent.
(ii) (a) Ions that contain all paired electrons are diamagnetic while those containing unpaired electrons are paramagnetic. Among the lanthanides , La3+ [4f 0] & Lu3+ [4f 14] are diamagnetic. Rest all trivalent lanthanide ions are paramagnetic due to the presence of unpaired electrons.
For the remaining queries, we request you to ask different questions in different threads to get rapid assistance from our experts.
Looking forward to hearing from you again.
Regards