Pls answer with a little explaination

Dear student,

45)a) 

Carbon-2 is having one double bond with oxygen and two single bonds with carbon, hence all 4 valence electrons of carbon are involved in the bond pair, so there are zero lone pairs. Hence, the hybridization of C-2 is sp2.

Carbon- 5 forms two single bonds with other carbon atoms and two single bonds with the hydrogen atoms, hence there are 4 bond pairs, and the hybridization of C-5 is sp3.

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