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In the purification of copper by electrolytic refining, the strip of impure copper metal is made the anode and a strip of pure copper metal is the cathode. A solution of copper sulphate is used as the electrolyte. When current is passed through the electrolyte, pure copper from the anode dissolves in the electrolyte. An equivalent amount of pure copper from the electrolyte is deposited on the cathode. The soluble impurities go into the solution, whereas the insoluble impurities remain in the solution and are deposited at the bottom of anode as anode mud. 

Copper ion is positively charged. It is attracted towards the plate which is connected to the negative terminal of the battery. As copper ions are transferred to the thin copper plate, this thin pure copper plate must be connected to the negative terminal of the battery. Consequently, the impure copper rod is connected to the positive terminal of the battery.

 

 

Following reactions take place at anode and cathode

 Anode :  Cu  ---------> Cu+2 + 2e-

 Cathode : Cu+2 + 2e- --------> Cu  


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