Plz explain these points in minor's agreement with examples:-?
# no ratification on attaining majority
# no estoppel in case of minor

Dear Student,

1) No ratification on attaining the age of maturity: To ‘ratify’ basically means approving. The doctrine of no ratification’ implies that an agreement made by a minor (during his/her minority), cannot be confirmed by him on attaining majority. If the minor (on attaining maturity) wants to perform the act on his maturity, then a fresh contract needs to be prepared.

For example, Nita, who is a minor, enters into a loan agreement with Sita, where Sita lends Rs 50,000 to Nita. Later, Nita refuses to pay back the money. At the time of refusal, Nita had already attained maturity, so Sita thought of filing a law suit against her. But the court favoured Nita, saying that agreements entered during minority cannot be ratified at the time of maturity,

2) No estoppel against a minor: Estoppel basically means people are not allowed to take back their words. That is, if someone has confirmed something, then they should stick to it. But for a minor this doesn't hold true. A minor can plead his minority as a defence in the court of law in case of contracts entered fraudulently.

For example, Neha (a minor) enters into a business contract with Muskaan (a major) whereby both of them agree to bear the profits/losses equally. The business association ended up in incurring losses and Neha refuses to bear any share in those losses. Now, Muskaan couldn't do anything about it. This is because Neha is a minor and all contracts with minors are void ab initio.

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