Plzzz state & explain the Shell-Theorem???

Dear Student,

Shell theorem states that gravitational force exerted to an external mass due to a uniform thin hollow shell, behaves as if the whole of its mass is concentrated at the center of the shell.  It also follows that gravitational field inside a shell is zero.

The gravitational force between M and m is,

The gravitational field of M at the position of m is,

The gravitational potential of M at the position of m is,

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