Q-1 What were the aims of bolsheviks party
Q-2 write difference between bolsheviks and mensheviks
Q-3 what are the causes of French revolution
Dear Student
Answer 2.
Answer 3. On the eve of the French Revolution, that is in 1789 A.D. France presented a dismal look. Following were the conditions on the eve of the French Revolution. Following were the chief causes of the French Revolution:
(a) Social Causes-On the eve of the revolution, the French society was ridden with several inequalities. The clergy and the nobles led a life of luxury and enjoyed numerous privileges. On the other hand, the peasants and workers lived a wretched life. They groaned under heavy taxes and forced labour. The middle-class comprising of lawyers, doctors, teachers, etc also suffered humiliation at the hands of the clergy and the nobles. This state of social inequality was the chief cause of the French Revolution.
(b)Political Causes-Emperor Louis XVI of France was an empty headed despot. He and his queen, Marie Antoinette, squandered money on their luxurious living and wasteful festivities. The high posts were often auctioned, so inefficiency reigned supreme. The whole administration was corrupt and each department had its own laws. In the absence ofany uniform system there was confusion all around. The people were tired of such a rotten system of administration and wanted a change.
(c)Economic Causes-France had been continually involved in wars which had broken her economy. The luxurious life led by the French King Louis XVI and his queen had made the matter still worse. The people groaned under heavy taxes. The system was so faulty that only a fraction of the taxes could be realized as the people were too poor to pay the taxes while nobles and the clergy who could pay, were completely exempted from all the taxes. The economy became so bad that the French Government had almost reached a state of bankruptcy. Thus the shattered economy of France proved a major cause of the Revolution.
(d)Immediate Cause-Forced by financial bankruptcy, Emperor Louis XVI was compelled to call a meeting of theEstatesGeneral in 1789 A.D. after a lapse of 175 years. It generated much excitement as the members of the Third Estate were determined to put forth their problems. But when the first two Estates i.e. the Clergy and the Nobility refused to have a common meeting with the Third Estate, the people lost their temper. They had already suffered much in the severe famine in 1788 - 1789. In this way the calling of the Estates General in 1789 A.D. proved to be the immediate cause of the French Revolution.
.
.
.
For remaining queries, we request you to post your queries under different threads to get rapid assistance from our experts.
Regards
Answer 2.
| Mensheviks | Bolsheviks |
| 1.It was a minor party formed under the leadership of Alexander Kerenskii | 1. It was a major party of the Socialists under the leadership of Lenin. |
| 2.It believed in the slow and gradual transformation and set up of a Parliamentary form of government like Britain and France. | 2.It believed in bringing about change through a revolution. |
| 3.The party was broad based and open to all and it favoured in working within the system to bring change. | 3. The party was limited to a few with revolutionary spirit and it was used as a tool to bring revolution. |
| 4.It favoured democracy and capitalism to be established first before bring a socialist revolution. | 4.It believed in transforming Russia from absolute monarchy to a communist state. |
| 5.It was more pro- Marxist and believed in idea of running a nation by the workers.It did not believed in establishing Marxism through violence but capitalist means. | 5.It believed in revolution and violence to bring industrialisation. |
Answer 3. On the eve of the French Revolution, that is in 1789 A.D. France presented a dismal look. Following were the conditions on the eve of the French Revolution. Following were the chief causes of the French Revolution:
(a) Social Causes-On the eve of the revolution, the French society was ridden with several inequalities. The clergy and the nobles led a life of luxury and enjoyed numerous privileges. On the other hand, the peasants and workers lived a wretched life. They groaned under heavy taxes and forced labour. The middle-class comprising of lawyers, doctors, teachers, etc also suffered humiliation at the hands of the clergy and the nobles. This state of social inequality was the chief cause of the French Revolution.
(b)Political Causes-Emperor Louis XVI of France was an empty headed despot. He and his queen, Marie Antoinette, squandered money on their luxurious living and wasteful festivities. The high posts were often auctioned, so inefficiency reigned supreme. The whole administration was corrupt and each department had its own laws. In the absence ofany uniform system there was confusion all around. The people were tired of such a rotten system of administration and wanted a change.
(c)Economic Causes-France had been continually involved in wars which had broken her economy. The luxurious life led by the French King Louis XVI and his queen had made the matter still worse. The people groaned under heavy taxes. The system was so faulty that only a fraction of the taxes could be realized as the people were too poor to pay the taxes while nobles and the clergy who could pay, were completely exempted from all the taxes. The economy became so bad that the French Government had almost reached a state of bankruptcy. Thus the shattered economy of France proved a major cause of the Revolution.
(d)Immediate Cause-Forced by financial bankruptcy, Emperor Louis XVI was compelled to call a meeting of theEstatesGeneral in 1789 A.D. after a lapse of 175 years. It generated much excitement as the members of the Third Estate were determined to put forth their problems. But when the first two Estates i.e. the Clergy and the Nobility refused to have a common meeting with the Third Estate, the people lost their temper. They had already suffered much in the severe famine in 1788 - 1789. In this way the calling of the Estates General in 1789 A.D. proved to be the immediate cause of the French Revolution.
.
.
.
For remaining queries, we request you to post your queries under different threads to get rapid assistance from our experts.
Regards