Q 21. ​Shells Pvt. Ltd. was the distributor of musical instruments. It had four departments named purchase, quality, marketing and finance headed by their respective managers. Although, they were given the power to get the work done from their subordinates, still all the major approvals are by Mr. Sunil only who is the MD of the company. The marketing manager of the company once received an order for the supply of 200 different musical instruments to a music school. Mr. Sunil at that time had gone abroad with his family. The marketing manager could not communicate to him about the order and as such they lost the order to their competitors. 

1. Which concept of management is being referred to in the above situation? 

2. How Can it benefit the organization? (any 4 points)