Q)Under what circumsyances was the great proletarian cultural revolution introduced in china? Q) what factors created a climate conducive for reforms in pakisthan in 1988?Q)what is dual pricing?

Dear Nagma, I want to make an humble request to you. As here in this thread, you have asked three questions altogether. This makes our indexing mechanism inefficient. Thus, we hereby request you to ask a single question in a single thread. This will be highly beneficial for our other students to go through your questions. Please abide by this from the next time on. 

a) In response to the first query- As a result of the 
failure of GLF program in China, the 'Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution' was introduced by Mao in the year 1966 as a remedial measure. The following are the two major problems that impeded the success of GLF.
i. Failure of agriculture policies
ii. Withdrawal of professionals by Russia

Nagma, please go through the material available on our website and follow the path mentioned below. 
Chapter-10 (named as 'Comparative Development Experiences of India and its Neighbours')--> Lesson-2 (named as Development Strategy of China, India and Pakistan) under the topic 'Developmental Strategy followed by China'.

b) In response to your second query- The success of the economic reforms in Pakistan can be attributed to the series of the consecutive measures that the Government of Pakistan introduced since its independence. These are enlisted below. 
i. Adoption of Mixed pattern of economic structure
ii. Regulated framework of trade
iii.
Introduction of green revolution
iv.Nationalisation of capital goods industries
v.Policy orientation in 1970's and 1980's

Nagma, please go through the material available on our website and follow the path mentioned below. 
Chapter-10 (named as 'Comparative Development Experiences of India and its Neighbours')--> Lesson-2 (named as Development Strategy of China, India and Pakistan) under the topic 'Development Strategies followed by Pakistan'

c)Dual-pricing implies that the farmers and the industrial units were required to buy and sell certain fixed quantities of inputs and outputs at the legislated price as fixed by the government and the remaining quantities can be traded at the prevailing market price. In other words, there exists two prices in the market simultaneously, one, as fixed by the government and second the market price.

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