Agriculture is considered to be the backbone of India with two-third of population being dependent on it. Since agriculture provides livelihood to more than 60% a lot of changes were introduced after Independence.
a. In realizing the importance of agriculture government introduced number of Land Reforms which was the main focus of first five year plans like abolition of zamindari, collectivization etc. Likewise in 1960’s and 70’s government focused on green revolution which turned out to be partial revolution as only few states like Punjab , Haryana benefited from it. Even though laws of land reforms have been enacted they lacked implementation. Any change in the agrarian sector is to come about with effective implementation.
b. Schemes like Kissan Credit Card or providing minimum support price, remunerative and procurement prices for important crops have been initiated by the government but there is no check to ensure its implementation and to check whether its benefits reaches the targeted beneficiaries. Government needs to overhaul its implementation mechanism to bring about substantial changes in the agriculture and to ensure its benefits reach to all.
c. Despite development most of the farmers are dependent on monsoons and natural fertility for growth of crops. For modernization government needs to focus on this and create necessary infrastructure like irrigation facilities, electricity etc.
d. To improve the overall condition of agriculture, proper thrust must be given to the improvement of the condition of marginal and small farmers who because of crop failures at times are compelled to commit suicide.
e. Government must encourage and must provide financial assistance to farmers to diversify their cropping patters so that they can face international competition.
f. All the above mentioned steps are important, to bring optimum utilisation of the land resources.
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student-nameUtkarsh answered this
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student-namePrince Negi answered this
3 unhelpful votes in Social Science, Class X
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student-nameUtkarsh answered this
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student-nameNo Name answered this
8 unhelpful votes in Social Science, Class XI-Science
Sustained uses of land without compatible techno-institutional changes have hindered the pace of agricultural development. Inspite of development of sources of irrigation most of the farmers in large parts of the country still depend upon monsoon and natural fertility in order to carry on their agriculture. For a growing population, this poses a serious challenge. Agriculture which provides livelihood for more than 60 per cent of its population, needs some serious technical and institutional reforms. Thus, collectivisation, consolidation of holdings, cooperation and abolition of zamindari, etc. were given priority to bring about institutional reforms in the country after Independence. ‘Land reform’ was the main focus of our First Five Year Plan. The right of inheritance had already lead to fragmentation of land holdings necessitating consolidation of holdings. The laws of land reforms were enacted but the laws of implementation was lacking or lukewarm. The Government of India embarked upon introducing agricultural reforms to improve Indian agriculture in the 1960s and 1970s. The Green Revolution based on the use of package technology and the White Revolution (Operation Flood) were some of the strategies initiated to improve the lot of Indian agriculture. But, this too led to the concentration of development in few selected areas. Therefore, in the 1980s and 1990s, a comprehensive land development programme was initiated, which included both institutional and technical reforms. Provision for crop insurance against drought, flood, cyclone, fire and disease, establishment of Grameen banks, cooperative societies and banks for providing loan facilities to the farmers at lower rates of interest were some important steps in this direction. Kissan Credit Card (KCC), Personal Accident Insurance Scheme (PAIS) are some other schemes introduced by the Government of India for the benefit of the farmers. Moreover, special weather bulletins and agricultural programmes for farmers were introduced on the radio and television. The government also announces minimum support price, remunerative and procurement prices for important crops to check the exploitation of farmers by speculators and middlemen.
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