the umayyads and the centralisation of polity
Umayyads were a tribe of Mecca to whom which Uthmān, the third caliph of Islam belonged to. After the assassination of the fourth caliph Ali, Muʿāwiyah ibn Abī Sufyān, a contemporary of Prophet Muhammad, established the Umayyad dynasty in Damascus in 661 AD which ruled Arabia for a little less than a century and was subsequently defeated by the Abbāsids in 750 AD.
And Centralization of Polity is the consolidation of powers in a political system to a select few. A centralized polity mostly has political and legal power concentrated with a political executive.
And Centralization of Polity is the consolidation of powers in a political system to a select few. A centralized polity mostly has political and legal power concentrated with a political executive.