What are errors ? Classify and how to minimize it?

The uncertainty present in the measurement is known as error.

Broadly there are three types of errors 

• Gross Errors : This happens due to human oversight and other mistakes while reading, recording, and readings
• Random Errors: The random errors are those errors, which occur irregularly and hence are random. These can arise due to random and unpredictable fluctuations in experimental conditions.
• Systematic Errors : These errors arise due to faulty construction and calibration of the measuring instruments.

The following steps can be taken to minimise the error

• Proper care should be taken in reading, recording the data. Also, the calculation of error should be done accurately.
• Multiple readings should be taken and they should be correlated.
• Make sure the formulas used for measurement are correct.
• Cross check the measured value of a quantity for improved accuracy. 
• Use the instrument that has the highest precision.
• Note the measurements under controlled conditions.