What are western disturbances ? How do they effect the climate of india?
What is Western Disturbance?
The term ‘Western Disturbance’ is used to describe an extra tropical storm, which brings winter rain and sometimes snow to the northwestern parts of the India. It is non-monsoonal precipitation pattern caused by the westerlies. It is noticed as cyclonic circulation/waves in the mid and lower troposphere (lowest major atmospheric layer ranging from earth surface to 10–20 km of the atmosphere) or as a complex low-pressure area near surface under the influence of extra-tropical depression. These storms originate over Mediterranean Sea, Caspian Sea and Black Sea and move eastwards across north India. These extra tropical storms are global, which usually carry moisture in the upper atmosphere.
Western Disturbance causes winter and pre monsoon season rainfall across northwest India. Winter months Rainfall has great importance in agriculture, particularly for the rabi crops. Wheat among them is one of the most important crops, which helps to meet India’s food security. During the season, normally 4-5 western disturbances in a month can be seen over northwest India. Some of the western disturbances bring well-distributed and good rainfall, while some pass with negligible rain or sometimes no rain.