WHAT FACTORS GAVE BIRTH TO THE CONSUMER MOVEMENT IN INDIA ? TRACE ITS EVOLUTION.

 India had a long tradition of malpractices in business; such as food adulteration, hoarding, underweighing, etc. Right from the 1960s, various consumer associations came into origin. They began to raise public awareness and to fight to consumer protection. As a result of consumer movement, the COPRA was finally enacted in 1986.

The factors that gave birth to the consumer movement in India are manifold. It started as a "social force" with the need to protect and promote consumer interests against unfair and unethical trade practices. Extreme food shortages, hoarding, black marketing and adulteration of food led to the consumer movement becoming an organised arena in the 1960s. Till the 1970s, consumer organisations were mostly busy writing articles and holding exhibitions. More recently, there has been an upsurge in the number of consumer groups who have shown concern towards ration shop malpractices and overcrowding of public transport vehicles. In 1986, the Indian government enacted the Consumer Protection Act, also known as COPRA. This was a major step in the consumer movement in India. Thums up if you satisfied

Rules and regulations are required in the market place to protect the consumers from sellers, producers and service providers. They often indulge in unfair trade practises and provide false information about a particular product. Most consumers are unaware of their rights and so they are deceived by the suppliers. So, in the interest of the consumers, it is necessary to take action against the suppliers and producers.

unethical and unfair trade practices.
adulteration of food and edible oil.
black marketing.
food shortages.

The consumer movement arose due to the following factors (i) Dissatisfaction of consumers, as many unfair practices were being indulged by the sellers like short weighing, black marketing, adulteration, etc. (ii) There was no legal system available for consumers to protect them from exploitation in the marketplace. If consumers were not happy with a particular brand, product or shop, they generally avoid buying that brand or product or would stop purchasing from that particular shop. (iii) It was presumed that it was the responsibility of consumers to be careful while buying a commodity or availing of a service.

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1.The dissatisfaction of the consumer regarding the market practices. 2. The gradual withdrawal of the government from production field after the introduction of new economic policy. 3. Increasing awareness of the people. 4. Increasing unfair trade practices. 5. Emergences of foreign companies.

The consumer movement arose due to the following factors (i) Dissatisfaction of consumers, as many unfair practices were being indulged by the sellers like short weighing, black marketing, adulteration, etc. (ii) There was no legal system available for consumers to protect them from exploitation in the marketplace. If consumers were not happy with a particular brand, product or shop, they generally avoid buying that brand or product or would stop purchasing from that particular shop. (iii) It was presumed that it was the responsibility of consumers to be careful while buying a commodity or availing of a service. Evolution of Consumer Movement The Consumer Movement in India started as a social force with the need to protect consumers against unfair and unethical trade practices being followed by many retailers and manufacturers. These included creating artificial shortages, hoarding cereals and other agricultural products, black marketing of goods and adulteration of cooking oils and food items. Till 1986, consumer organisations were highlighting issues by writing articles in newspapers and magazines about these bad practices of merchants. But nowadays, as the consumers have become more aware, the number of consumer groups have grown who have highlighted these malpractices. In 1986, the Government of India enacted the Consumer Protection Act, also known as COPRA. This was a major step in the Consumer Movement in India.

Here is your answer. Get assured from ncert,economics,class 10,pg no. 77,consumer movement , 1st paragraph