what is destructive distillation???

Destructive distillation is the process of heating a substance in absence of air. This process “cracks” the large molecules into small ones. For example coal gas and coke are produced by destructive distillation of coal.

When coal is heated without air, it does not burn but produces many by-products. This process of heating coal in the absence of air is called destructive distillation of coal.

The main by products are:

• coke

• coal tar

• amino acid liquor

• coal gas

The destructive distillation of coal can be carried out in the laboratory.

Destructive Distillation of Coal

Finely powdered coal taken in a test tube is heated. As the coal breaks down coke, coal tar, ammonia and coal gas are produced. Coal tar collects at the bottom of the second test tube and coal gas escapes out through the side tube. The ammonia produced is absorbed in the water forming ammoniacal liquor (ammonium hydroxide). The black residue left in the 1^s t tube is called coke.

Coke is a fuel in its own right which can be used in homes and factories. But it is largely used as a reducing agent in the extraction of metals from their ores. It is also used in making fuel gases like water gas which is a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

Another by product namely coal tar which is a mixture of different carbon compounds can be used to make soap, fats, dyes plastics perfumes, drugs, pesticides, explosives etc.

The other by product, ammonia is used for making fertilizers such as ammonium sulphate, ammonium superphosphate etc.

The coal gas, also called as a town gas is a mixture of hydrogen, methane and carbon monoxide which are combustible making the coal gas an excellent fuel having high calorific values

Destructive distillation involves process of heating coal in the absence of air.

As a result of destructive distillation the coal does not burn but produces many by-products.

The apparatus used for destructive distillation of coal, is given as : 

The coal is heated in the absence of air resulting in the formation of by-products such as : coal gas, ammonia, coal tar and coke.

the process of burning of coal in the absence of oxygen to produce coal gas, coal tar and coke is called destructive distillation.

the burning of coal in the absence of the air is called destructive distillation

Strong burning of coal in absence of air is called destructive distillation.

Destructive distillation of the dry wood results in the formation of wood charcoal....

PLEASE REFER TO THE FOLLOWING LINK everybody had copied from it..

 https://www.meritnation.com/ask-answer/question/what-is-meant-by-destructive-distillation/chemistry/1994285

i hav not copied....@param

@coollshivani 

i Know who had copied ..

Every one who has diagram . . . . . .

they had copied.........

i dedn't copied...kasam se

@akanksha

I said jisne bhi copy kiya unke answer me diagram hai...-

Decomposition of a solid by heating it in a closed container and collecting the volatile constituents given off.Decomposition of a solid by heating it in a closed container and collecting the volatile constituents given off.

The breaking up of coal by heating at 1000-1400 degree celsius in absence of air.

the heating of coal to oobtain its derivatives like coke, coal tar, coal gas etc in the absence of air is known as destructive distillation