What is fractional distillation

 

Fractional distillation is the method of separation of two or more chemical components at their boiling point. In some cases, there can be just one component which has impurities in it. The liquid boils at its boiling point and the impurity is left behind. The mixture is heated as shown in the figure and the pure component is converted into vapour form at its boiling point. The vapour goes to Liebig’s condenser where they are condensed by the cool of running water and collected at the bottom in the collecting flask.