1. what is hyperconjugation
  2. what is mesomeric effect?explain with examples.

Hyperconjugation:
It is the interaction of the electrons in a sigma bond of an alpha C-H bond with an adjacent empty (or partially filled) non-bonding p-orbital, antibonding π orbital, or filled π orbital, to increases the stability of the system.



Mesomeric effect or resonance effect:
Resonance effect is defined as the ‘polarity produced in the molecule by the interaction of two π-bonds or between a π-bond and lone pair of electrons present on an adjacent atom.
It is designated as R or M effect. Now, a resonance effect can be either positive or negative.
Examples are given as follows:



 

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