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what is meant by development ?what is the most common indicator used to compare the levels of development of different countries?explain 3 demerits of using this indicator as a measure of development.

Development is a positive growth/change in economy, social and political aspects of the country. Two aspects of development are :- (a) Economic development or rise in income of the people.
(b) Social development which include education, health and public services         

Although the level of income is important indicator of development, it is an inadequate measure of the level of development. Other social indicators are :
Health and Education : People become human resource when investments are made in their health and education.
Sex ratio: is defined as the number of females per thousand males. An ideal sex ratio should be more or less equal number of males and females. Sex ratio in favour of males indicates sex discrimination which goes against development. 

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Development is the process of positive change towards achieving one's goals and targets.

The most common indicator used to compare levels of development of different countries is income. In the case of this criterion, a country's development is measured by calculating the average income, i.e., per capita income, which the total income of a country divided by its total population. This is based on the belief that more money means more ability to obtain access to important facilities such as health, education, etc.

However, using this indicator as the sole and main basis for measuring a country's development in criticised, due to the following reasons -

(I) Per capita income does not include an equitable distribution of wealth among different classes of society and may not recognise the gap between the rich and the poor. Some people may earn more than others and some may get less than they deserved.

(II) A country's per capita income does not translate to economic welfare. Even though the average income is high, it is quite possible that basic facilities such as water, health centres, work environment, etc. may not be met.

(III) It does not address the consequences of the usage of non-renewable resources, which must be done, as a sustainable future is a must for the constant development of our planet.

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development is a ptocess in which per capita invome increases and inequaloty poverty and illiteracy reduces i.e. livong standard of people improves. per capita income is the main criterion to measure the level of development. DEMERITS - 1 high per capita income is not an indicator of economic welfare. 2. it does not tell us about the distribution of the income
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