what is the difference between fractional distillation and destructive distillation?
Fractional distillation is a method used for separating two miscible liquids. Separating funnel on the other hand is a lab apparatus which is used to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids.
In fractional distillation a mixture containing two or more liquid, which do not differ much in their boiling points are separated, by heating them. The liquids change into vapours at different temperatures and are passed through a fractionating column, where the vapours of constituent liquid condense to form the liquid at different temperatures. Vapours of a liquid mixture are passed through a fractionating column (fitted over the mouth of the round bottom flask) before condensation. As liquids have different boiling points, they will vapourise and hence condense at different temperature.