Water in aquifers is called groundwater. Groundwater provides half of all drinking water in the US and almost all drinking water in rural areas. Over 50 billion gallons a day is pumped to the surface to support US agriculture.
When the rate at which water is pumped out of an aquifer exceeds the rate at which it re-charges, the aquifer will suffer from groundwater depletion. As the US population has grown, increased water demand has resulted in increased pumping rates of groundwater which in turn has increased groundwater depletion rates. Levels in aquifers across the US are dropping at an alarming rate and eventually, in some areas they may no longer be able to provide adequate water supply. The Ogallala Aquifer, which originally held 4 trillion tons of water, is now 50% depleted.