What led to the October & the February revolution? Please answer in points. 

Dear Student,

Causes of February Revolution:

1. Tsar Nicholas II, who was an autocratic ruler has ruled the Russian Empire in 1914. He could not tolerate any challenges to his authority and his dictatorship was neither restricted nor controlled by the Parliament.
2. Under his regime, the nobility enjoyed high position and power for their services rendered to the Tsar.
3. The Czarist regime was completely insensitive to the plight of the common people.
4. The workers were given very low wages and they had to work under terrible conditions.
5. No political parties were allowed to function in Russia till before 1914.
6. The 1905 events, the participation of Russia made the Czarist regime highly unpopular and paved the way for revolution.
7. The participation of Russia in the First World War had a devastating effect which proved to be fatal, as its army faced heavy casualties, with over 7 million casualties by 1917.
8. As large supplies of food grains were sent to the Russian army, the country faced acute food shortages which resulted in the riots at bread shops during the winter of 1917.
9. All these events made Tsarist regime highly unpopular.
10. On 25th February 1917, faced with revolting subjects, the Tsar suspended Duma comprised of elected Parliamentarians resulting in demonstrations and protests against such an act.
11. With worker and soldiers rebelling and forming Soviet or council, Tsar was left with no choice but to abdicate the throne.

Causes for October Revolution include the above causes alongside specific causes mentioned below:

1. The inability of the provisional government to fulfil the demands of the people set the stage for October Revolution.
2. The provisional government, was under the influence of army, wealthy, influential members and failed to satisfy aspirations of the people.
3. On April, 1917, leader of the Bolshevik party, Vladimir Lenin returned from exile and held demonstrations against the provisional government led by Kerenski. He made three demands by formulating April Theses where he believed that power must be taken over by the Soviets and it culminated into October Revolution.

Regards

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February Revolution
  • The February Revolution was the result of the acute aggravation of the economical and political crisis in Russia.
  • It came about seemingly spontaneously when people of the Russian capital Petrograd started to rally against the war and against the food supply shortages in the city.
October Revolution
The weakness of the Provisional Government
Economic and social problems.
The continuation of the war led to growing unrest and support for the Soviets, led by Lenin, the Bolsheviks seized power.
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